Rulers: United States

States A-D


Party abbreviations: A-R=American Republican, Dem=Democratic, D-R=Democratic-Republican, Fed=Federalist, Ind=Independent, K-N=Know-Nothing, N-R=National Republican, Pop=Populist, Rep=Republican, Tol=Toleration, Uni=Union, Whg=Whig

Alabama

       1783                part of Georgia
       1798                part of Mississippi
 3 Mar 1817                territory
14 Dec 1819                state
11 Jan 1861                secession
 8 Feb 1861                founding state of Confederate States of America
25 Jun 1868                readmitted to United States

Governors
   Dec 1817 - 10 Jul 1820  William W. Bibb               Dem  (b. 1781 - d. 1820)
10 Jul 1820 -  9 Nov 1821  Thomas Bibb                   Dem  (b. 1783 - d. 1839)
 9 Nov 1821 - 25 Nov 1825  Israel Pickens                Dem  (b. 1780 - d. 1827)
25 Nov 1825 - 25 Nov 1829  John Murphy                   Dem  (b. 1786 - d. 1841)
25 Nov 1829 -  3 Mar 1831  Gabriel Moore                 Dem  (b. 1785 - d. 1844)
 3 Mar 1831 - 26 Nov 1831  Samuel B. Moore               Dem  (b. 1789 - d. 1846)
26 Nov 1831 - 21 Nov 1835  John Gayle                    Dem  (b. 1792 - d. 1859)
21 Nov 1835 - 16 Jul 1837  Clement C. Clay               Dem  (b. 1789 - d. 1866)
17 Jul 1837 - 30 Nov 1837  Hugh McVay                    Dem  (b. 1788 - d. 1851)
30 Nov 1837 - 22 Nov 1841  Arthur P. Bagby               Dem  (b. 1794 - d. 1858)
22 Nov 1841 - 10 Dec 1845  Benjamin Fitzpatrick          Dem  (b. 1802 - d. 1869)
10 Dec 1845 -  6 Dec 1847  Joshua L. Martin              Dem  (b. 1799 - d. 1856)
 6 Dec 1847 - 17 Dec 1849  Reuben Chapman                Dem  (b. 1799 - d. 1882)
17 Dec 1849 - 20 Dec 1853  Henry W. Collier              Dem  (b. 1801 - d. 1855)
20 Dec 1853 -  1 Dec 1857  John A. Winston               Dem  (b. 1812 - d. 1871)
 1 Dec 1857 -  2 Dec 1861  Andrew B. Moore               Dem  (b. 1807 - d. 1873)
 2 Dec 1861 -  1 Dec 1863  John G. Shorter               Dem  (b. 1818 - d. 1872)
 1 Dec 1863 -  1 May 1865  Thomas H. Watts               Dem  (b. 1819 - d. 1892)
21 Jun 1865 - 13 Dec 1865  Lewis E. Parsons              Dem  (b. 1817 - d. 1895)
                           (provisional)
13 Dec 1865 - 24 Jul 1868  Robert M. Patton              Whg  (b. 1809 - d. 1885)
 2 Apr 1867 - 24 Jul 1868  Wager Swayne                       (b. 1834 - d. 1902)
                           (military governor)
24 Jul 1868 - 26 Nov 1870  William H. Smith              Rep  (b. 1826 - d. 1899)
26 Nov 1870 - 17 Nov 1872  Robert B. Lindsay             Dem  (b. 1824 - d. 1902)
17 Nov 1872 - 24 Nov 1874  David P. Lewis                Rep  (b. 1820 - d. 1884)
24 Nov 1874 - 28 Nov 1878  George S. Houston             Dem  (b. 1811 - d. 1879)
28 Nov 1878 -  1 Dec 1882  Rufus W. Cobb                 Dem  (b. 1829 - d. 1913)
 1 Dec 1882 -  1 Dec 1886  Edward A. O'Neal              Dem  (b. 1818 - d. 1890)
 1 Dec 1886 -  1 Dec 1890  Thomas Seay                   Dem  (b. 1846 - d. 1896)
 1 Dec 1890 -  1 Dec 1894  Thomas G. Jones               Dem  (b. 1844 - d. 1914)
 1 Dec 1894 -  1 Dec 1896  William C. Oates              Dem  (b. 1835 - d. 1910)
 1 Dec 1896 -  1 Dec 1900  Joseph F. Johnston            Dem  (b. 1843 - d. 1913)
 1 Dec 1900 - 11 Jun 1901  William J. Samford            Dem  (b. 1844 - d. 1901)
11 Jun 1901 - 14 Jan 1907  William D. Jelks              Dem  (b. 1855 - d. 1931)
25 Apr 1904 -  5 Mar 1905    Russell M. Cunningham       Dem  (b. 1855 - d. 1921)
                             (acting for Jelks)
14 Jan 1907 - 17 Jan 1911  Braxton B. Comer              Dem  (b. 1848 - d. 1927)
17 Jan 1911 - 18 Jan 1915  Emmet O'Neal                  Dem  (b. 1853 - d. 1922)
18 Jan 1915 - 20 Jan 1919  Charles Henderson             Dem  (b. 1860 - d. 1937)
20 Jan 1919 - 15 Jan 1923  Thomas E. Kilby               Dem  (b. 1865 - d. 1943)
15 Jan 1923 - 17 Jan 1927  William W. Brandon            Dem  (b. 1868 - d. 1934)
17 Jan 1927 - 19 Jan 1931  Bibb Graves (1st time)        Dem  (b. 1873 - d. 1942)
19 Jan 1931 - 14 Jan 1935  Benjamin M. Miller            Dem  (b. 1864 - d. 1944)
14 Jan 1935 - 17 Jan 1939  Bibb Graves (2nd time)        Dem  (s.a.)
17 Jan 1939 - 19 Jan 1943  Frank M. Dixon                Dem  (b. 1892 - d. 1965)
19 Jan 1943 - 20 Jan 1947  Chauncey M. Sparks            Dem  (b. 1884 - d. 1968)
20 Jan 1947 - 15 Jan 1951  James E. Folsom (1st time)    Dem  (b. 1908 - d. 1987)
15 Jan 1951 - 17 Jan 1955  Seth Gordon Persons           Dem  (b. 1902 - d. 1965)
17 Jan 1955 - 19 Jan 1959  James E. Folsom (2nd time)    Dem  (s.a.)
19 Jan 1959 - 14 Jan 1963  John Patterson                Dem  (b. 1921 - d. 2021)
14 Jan 1963 - 16 Jan 1967  George C. Wallace (1st time)  Dem  (b. 1919 - d. 1998)
16 Jan 1967 -  7 May 1968  Lurleen Wallace (f)           Dem  (b. 1926 - d. 1968)
 7 May 1968 - 18 Jan 1971  Albert P. Brewer              Dem  (b. 1928 - d. 2017)
18 Jan 1971 - 15 Jan 1979  George C. Wallace (2nd time)  Dem  (s.a.)
 5 Jun 1972 -  7 Jul 1972    Jere Beasley                Dem  (b. 1935)
                             (acting for Wallace)
15 Jan 1979 - 17 Jan 1983  Forrest H. James, Jr.
                           (1st time)                    Dem  (b. 1934)
17 Jan 1983 - 19 Jan 1987  George C. Wallace (3rd time)  Dem  (s.a.)
19 Jan 1987 - 22 Apr 1993  Guy Hunt                      Rep  (b. 1933 - d. 2009)
22 Apr 1993 - 16 Jan 1995  James E. Folsom, Jr.          Dem  (b. 1949)
16 Jan 1995 - 18 Jan 1999  Forrest H. James, Jr.
                           (2nd time)                    Rep  (s.a.)
18 Jan 1999 - 20 Jan 2003  Don Siegelman                 Dem  (b. 1946)
20 Jan 2003 - 17 Jan 2011  Bob Riley                     Rep  (b. 1944)
17 Jan 2011 - 10 Apr 2017  Robert Bentley                Rep  (b. 1943)
10 Apr 2017 -              Kay Ivey (f)                  Rep  (b. 1944)

Alaska

       1799                Russian territory (Russian America)
18 Oct 1867                purchase by U.S. effective (Alaska)
17 May 1884                district
24 Aug 1912                territory
 3 Jan 1959                state

Governors (of the Russian America Company)
       1799 - 11 Jan 1818  Aleksandr Baranov                  (b. 1747 - d. 1819)
11 Jan 1818 - 24 Oct 1818  Leonty Gagemeyster                 (b. 1780 - d. 1834)
24 Oct 1818 - 15 Sep 1820  Semyon Yanovsky                    (b. 1789 - d. 1876)
15 Sep 1820 - 14 Oct 1825  Matvey Muravyov                    (b. 1784 - d. 1836)
14 Oct 1825 -  1 Jun 1830  Pyotr Chistyakov                   (b. 1790 - d. 1862)
 1 Jun 1830 - 29 Oct 1835  Baron Ferdinand Vrangel            (b. 1797 - d. 1870)
29 Oct 1835 - 25 May 1840  Ivan Kupriyanov                    (b. 1800 - d. 1857)
25 May 1840 -  9 Jul 1845  Adolf Etolin                       (b. 1799 - d. 1876)
 9 Jul 1845 - 14 Oct 1850  Mikhail Tebenkov                   (b. 1802 - d. 1872)
14 Oct 1850 - 31 Mar 1853  Nikolay Rozenberg                  (b. 1807 - d. 1857)
31 Mar 1853 - 22 Apr 1854  Aleksandr Rudakov                  (b. 1817 - d. 1875)
22 Apr 1854 - 22 Jun 1859  Stepan Voyevodsky                  (b. 1805 - d. 1884)
22 Jun 1859 -  2 Dec 1863  Ivan Furugelm                      (b. 1821 - d. 1909)
 2 Dec 1863 - 18 Oct 1867  Knyaz Dmitry Maksutov              (b. 1832 - d. 1889)
Commander of the Military Department of Alaska
18 Oct 1867 - 31 Aug 1870  Jefferson Columbus Davis           (b. 1828 - d. 1879)
Commanders of the Military District of Alaska
 1 Sep 1870 - 22 Sep 1870  George K. Brady                    (b. 1839 - d. 1899)
23 Sep 1870 - 19 Sep 1871  John C. Tidball                    (b. 1825 - d. 1906)
20 Sep 1871 -  3 Jan 1873  Harvey A. Allen                    (b. 1818 - d. 1882)
 4 Jan 1873 - 20 Apr 1874  Joseph Steward                     (b. 1822 - d. 1904)
21 Apr 1874 - 16 Aug 1874  George B. Rodney                   (b. 1842 - d. 1927)
17 Aug 1874 - 14 Jun 1876  Joseph B. Campbell                 (b. 1836 - d. 1891)
15 Jun 1876 -  4 Mar 1877  John Mendenhall                    (b. 1829 - d. 1892)
 5 Mar 1877 - 14 Jun 1877  Arthur Morris                      (b. 1843 - d. 1892)
Collectors of customs
14 Jun 1877 - 13 Aug 1877  Montgomery P. Berry                (b. 1824 - d. 1898)
14 Aug 1877 - 26 Mar 1878  H.C. DeAhna                        (b. 1823? - d. 1891)
27 Mar 1878 - 13 Jun 1879  Mottrom D. Ball                    (b. 1835 - d. 1887)
Naval commanders in charge of Alaska
14 Jun 1879 - 12 Sep 1880  Lester A. Beardslee                (b. 1836 - d. 1901)
13 Sep 1880 -  9 Aug 1881  Henry Glass (1st time)             (b. 1844 - d. 1908)
10 Aug 1881 - 18 Oct 1881  Edward P. Lull                     (b. 1836 - d. 1887)
19 Oct 1881 - 12 Mar 1882  Henry Glass (2nd time)             (s.a.)
13 Mar 1882 -  3 Oct 1882  Frederick Pearson                  (b. 1842 - d. 1890)
 4 Oct 1882 - 13 Sep 1883  Edgar C. Merriman                  (b. 1840 - d. 1894)
15 Sep 1883 - 13 Sep 1884  Joseph B. Coghlan                  (b. 1844 - d. 1908)
14 Sep 1884 - 15 Sep 1884  Henry E. Nichols                   (b. 1843 - d. 1899)
Governors
 4 Jul 1884 -  7 May 1885  John H. Kinkead               Rep  (b. 1826 - d. 1904)
 7 May 1885 - 20 Apr 1889  Alfred P. Swineford           Dem  (b. 1836 - d. 1909)
20 Apr 1889 - 18 Jun 1893  Lyman E. Knapp                Rep  (b. 1837 - d. 1904)
18 Jun 1893 - 23 Jun 1897  James Sheakley                Dem  (b. 1829 - d. 1917)
23 Jun 1897 -  2 Mar 1906  John G. Brady                      (b. 1848 - d. 1918)
 2 Mar 1906 -  1 Oct 1909  Wilford B. Hoggatt            Rep  (b. 1865 - d. 1938)
 1 Oct 1909 - 21 May 1913  Walter E. Clark               Rep  (b. 1869 - d. 1950)
21 May 1913 - 12 Apr 1918  John F.A. Strong              Dem  (b. 1856 - d. 1929)
12 Apr 1918 - 16 Jun 1921  Thomas Riggs, Jr.             Dem  (b. 1873 - d. 1945)
21 Jun 1921 - 16 Aug 1925  Scott C. Bone                 Rep  (b. 1860 - d. 1936)
16 Aug 1925 - 19 Apr 1933  George A. Parks               Rep  (b. 1883 - d. 1984)
19 Apr 1933 -  6 Dec 1939  John W. Troy                  Dem  (b. 1868 - d. 1942)
 6 Dec 1939 - 10 Apr 1953  Ernest Gruening               Dem  (b. 1887 - d. 1974)
10 Apr 1953 -  3 Jan 1957  B. Frank Heintzleman          Rep  (b. 1888 - d. 1965)
 3 Jan 1957 -  8 Jun 1957  Waino Hendrickson (1st time)  Rep  (b. 1896 - d. 1983)
                           (acting)
 8 Jun 1957 -  9 Aug 1958  Michael A. Stepovich          Rep  (b. 1919 - d. 2014)
 9 Aug 1958 -  3 Jan 1959  Waino Hendrickson (2nd time)  Rep  (s.a.)
                           (acting)
 3 Jan 1959 -  5 Dec 1966  William A. Egan (1st time)    Dem  (b. 1914 - d. 1984)
 5 Dec 1966 - 29 Jan 1969  Walter J. Hickel (1st time)   Rep  (b. 1919 - d. 2010)
29 Jan 1969 -  5 Dec 1970  Keith Miller                  Rep  (b. 1925 - d. 2019)
 5 Dec 1970 -  2 Dec 1974  William A. Egan (2nd time)    Dem  (s.a.)
 2 Dec 1974 -  6 Dec 1982  Jay S. Hammond                Rep  (b. 1922 - d. 2005)
 6 Dec 1982 -  1 Dec 1986  William Sheffield             Dem  (b. 1928 - d. 2022)
 1 Dec 1986 -  3 Dec 1990  Steve Cowper                  Dem  (b. 1938)
 3 Dec 1990 -  5 Dec 1994  Walter J. Hickel (2nd time)
                                          Ind; Apr 1994: Rep  (s.a.)
 5 Dec 1994 -  2 Dec 2002  Tony Knowles                  Dem  (b. 1943)
 2 Dec 2002 -  4 Dec 2006  Frank Murkowski               Rep  (b. 1933)
 4 Dec 2006 - 26 Jul 2009  Sarah Palin (f)               Rep  (b. 1964)
26 Jul 2009 -  1 Dec 2014  Sean Parnell                  Rep  (b. 1962)
 1 Dec 2014 -  3 Dec 2018  Bill Walker                   Ind  (b. 1951)
 3 Dec 2018 -              Mike Dunleavy                 Rep  (b. 1961)

Arizona

       1850                part of New Mexico
24 Feb 1863                territory
14 Feb 1912                state

Governors
   Dec 1863 -    Apr 1866  John N. Goodwin               Rep  (b. 1824 - d. 1887)
   Apr 1866 -        1869  Richard C. McCormick          Rep  (b. 1832 - d. 1901)
       1869 -        1877  A.P.K. Safford                Rep  (b. 1830 - d. 1891)
       1877 -        1878  John P. Hoyt                  Rep  (b. 1841 - d. 1926)
       1878 -        1881  John C. Frémont               Rep  (b. 1813 - d. 1890)
       1881 -        1885  Frederick A. Tritle           Rep  (b. 1833 - d. 1906)
       1885 -        1889  C. Meyer Zulick               Dem  (b. 1839 - d. 1926)
       1889 -        1890  Lewis Wolfley                 Rep  (b. 1839 - d. 1910)
       1890 -        1892  John N. Irwin                 Rep  (b. 1844 - d. 1905)
       1892 -        1893  Nathan O. Murphy (1st time)   Rep  (b. 1849 - d. 1908)
       1893 -        1896  Louis C. Hughes               Dem  (b. 1842 - d. 1915)
       1896 -        1897  Benjamin J. Franklin          Rep  (b. 1839 - d. 1898)
       1897 -        1898  Myron H. McCord               Rep  (b. 1840 - d. 1908)
       1898 -  1 Jul 1902  Nathan O. Murphy (2nd time)   Rep  (s.a.)
 1 Jul 1902 -        1905  Alexander O. Brodie           Rep  (b. 1849 - d. 1918)
       1905 -        1909  Joseph H. Kibbey              Rep  (b. 1853 - d. 1924)
       1909 - 12 Dec 1911  Richard E. Sloan              Rep  (b. 1857 - d. 1933)
12 Dec 1911 -  1 Jan 1917  George W.P. Hunt (1st time)   Dem  (b. 1859 - d. 1934)
 1 Jan 1917 - 25 Dec 1917  Thomas E. Campbell (1st time) Rep  (b. 1878 - d. 1944)
25 Dec 1917 -  6 Jan 1919  George W.P. Hunt (2nd time)   Dem  (s.a.)
 6 Jan 1919 -  1 Jan 1923  Thomas E. Campbell (2nd time) Rep  (s.a.)
 1 Jan 1923 -  7 Jan 1929  George W.P. Hunt (3rd time)   Dem  (s.a.)
 7 Jan 1929 -  5 Jan 1931  John C. Phillips              Rep  (b. 1870 - d. 1943)
 5 Jan 1931 -  2 Jan 1933  George W.P. Hunt (4th time)   Dem  (s.a.)
 2 Jan 1933 -  4 Jan 1937  Benjamin B. Moeur             Dem  (b. 1869 - d. 1937)
 4 Jan 1937 -  2 Jan 1939  Rawghlie C. Stanford          Dem  (b. 1879 - d. 1963)
 2 Jan 1939 -  6 Jan 1941  Robert T. Jones               Dem  (b. 1884 - d. 1958)
 6 Jan 1941 - 25 May 1948  Sidney P. Osborn              Dem  (b. 1884 - d. 1948)
25 May 1948 -  1 Jan 1951  Dan E. Garvey                 Dem  (b. 1886 - d. 1974)
 1 Jan 1951 -  3 Jan 1955  Howard Pyle                   Rep  (b. 1906 - d. 1987)
 3 Jan 1955 -  5 Jan 1959  Ernest W. McFarland           Dem  (b. 1894 - d. 1984)
 5 Jan 1959 -  4 Jan 1965  Paul Fannin                   Rep  (b. 1907 - d. 2002)
 4 Jan 1965 -  2 Jan 1967  Sam Goddard                   Dem  (b. 1919 - d. 2006)
 2 Jan 1967 -  6 Jan 1975  Jack Williams                 Rep  (b. 1909 - d. 1998)
 6 Jan 1975 - 20 Oct 1977  Raul H. Castro                Dem  (b. 1916 - d. 2015)
20 Oct 1977 -  4 Mar 1978  Wesley Bolin                  Dem  (b. 1908 - d. 1978)
 4 Mar 1978 -  5 Jan 1987  Bruce Babbitt                 Dem  (b. 1938)
 5 Jan 1987 -  8 Feb 1988  Evan Mecham                   Rep  (b. 1924 - d. 2008)
 8 Feb 1988 -  6 Mar 1991  Rose Mofford (f)              Dem  (b. 1922 - d. 2016)
                           (acting to 5 Apr 1988)
 6 Mar 1991 -  5 Sep 1997  Fife Symington                Rep  (b. 1945)
 8 Sep 1997 -  6 Jan 2003  Jane Hull (f)                 Rep  (b. 1935 - d. 2020)
 6 Jan 2003 - 20 Jan 2009  Janet Napolitano (f)          Dem  (b. 1957)
20 Jan 2009 -  5 Jan 2015  Jan Brewer (f)                Rep  (b. 1944)
 5 Jan 2015 -  2 Jan 2023  Doug Ducey                    Rep  (b. 1964)
 2 Jan 2023 -              Katie Hobbs (f)               Dem  (b. 1969)

Arkansas

       1804                part of Louisiana Territory (which on 7 Dec 1812 becomes
                           Missouri Territory)
 4 Jul 1819                territory
15 Jun 1836                state
 6 May 1861                secession
20 May 1861                accession to Confederate States of America
22 Jun 1868                readmitted to United States

Governors
 4 Jul 1819 - 26 Dec 1819  Robert Crittenden (acting)         (b. 1797 - d. 1834)
26 Dec 1819 -  4 Mar 1825  James Miller                       (b. 1776 - d. 1851)
 4 Mar 1825 - 22 Nov 1828  George Izard                       (b. 1776 - d. 1828)
 9 Mar 1829 -  9 Mar 1835  John Pope                          (b. 1770 - d. 1845)
 9 Mar 1835 - 13 Sep 1836  William S. Fulton                  (b. 1795 - d. 1844)
13 Sep 1836 -  4 Nov 1840  James S. Conway               Dem  (b. 1798 - d. 1855)
 4 Nov 1840 - 29 Apr 1844  Archibald Yell                Dem  (b. 1797 - d. 1847)
29 Apr 1844 -  5 Nov 1844  Samuel Adams (acting)         Dem  (b. 1805 - d. 1850)
 5 Nov 1844 - 10 Jan 1849  Thomas S. Drew                Dem  (b. 1802 - d. 1879)
10 Jan 1849 - 19 Apr 1849  Richard C. Byrd (acting)      Dem  (b. 1805 - d. 1854)
19 Apr 1849 - 15 Nov 1852  John S. Roane                 Dem  (b. 1817 - d. 1867)
15 Nov 1852 - 16 Nov 1860  Elias N. Conway               Dem  (b. 1812 - d. 1892)
21 Apr 1857 - 14 Sep 1857    John R. Hampton             Dem  (b. 1807 - d. 1880)
                             (acting for Conway)
16 Nov 1860 -  4 Nov 1862  Henry M. Rector               Dem  (b. 1816 - d. 1899)
 4 Nov 1862 - 15 Nov 1862  Thomas Fletcher (acting)      Dem  (b. 1819 - d. 1900)
15 Nov 1862 - 18 Apr 1864  Harris Flanagin               Dem  (b. 1817 - d. 1874)
18 Apr 1864 -  2 Jul 1868  Isaac Murphy                  Uni  (b. 1802 - d. 1882)
 2 Jul 1868 - 17 Mar 1871  Powell Clayton                Rep  (b. 1833 - d. 1914)
17 Mar 1871 -  6 Jan 1873  Ozro A. Hadley (acting)       Rep  (b. 1826 - d. 1915)
 6 Jan 1873 - 12 Nov 1874  Elisha Baxter                 Rep  (b. 1827 - d. 1899)
12 Nov 1874 - 11 Jan 1877  Augustus H. Garland           Dem  (b. 1832 - d. 1899)
11 Jan 1877 - 13 Jan 1881  William R. Miller             Dem  (b. 1823 - d. 1887)
13 Jan 1881 - 13 Jan 1883  Thomas J. Churchill           Dem  (b. 1824 - d. 1905)
13 Jan 1883 - 17 Jan 1885  James H. Berry                Dem  (b. 1841 - d. 1913)
17 Jan 1885 - 17 Jan 1889  Simon P. Hughes               Dem  (b. 1830 - d. 1906)
17 Jan 1889 - 10 Jan 1893  James P. Eagle                Dem  (b. 1837 - d. 1904)
10 Jan 1893 - 18 Jan 1895  William M. Fishback           Dem  (b. 1831 - d. 1903)
18 Jan 1895 - 18 Jan 1897  James P. Clarke               Dem  (b. 1854 - d. 1916)
18 Jan 1897 -  8 Jan 1901  Daniel W. Jones               Dem  (b. 1839 - d. 1918)
 8 Jan 1901 -  8 Jan 1907  Jeff Davis                    Dem  (b. 1862 - d. 1913)
 8 Jan 1907 - 11 Feb 1907  John S. Little                Dem  (b. 1853 - d. 1916)
11 Feb 1907 - 14 May 1907  John I. Moore (acting)        Dem  (b. 1856 - d. 1937)
14 May 1907 - 11 Jan 1909  X.O. Pindall (acting)         Dem  (b. 1873 - d. 1935)
11 Jan 1909 - 16 Jan 1913  George W. Donaghey            Dem  (b. 1856 - d. 1937)
16 Jan 1913 -  8 Mar 1913  Joseph T. Robinson            Dem  (b. 1872 - d. 1937)
 8 Mar 1913 - 23 Mar 1913  W.K. Oldham (acting)          Dem  (b. 1865 - d. 1938)
23 Mar 1913 -  6 Aug 1913  J.M. Futrell (1st time)       Dem  (b. 1870 - d. 1955)
                           (acting)
 6 Aug 1913 -  9 Jan 1917  George W. Hays                Dem  (b. 1863 - d. 1927)
 9 Jan 1917 - 11 Jan 1921  Charles H. Brough             Dem  (b. 1876 - d. 1935)
11 Jan 1921 - 13 Jan 1925  Thomas C. McRae               Dem  (b. 1851 - d. 1929)
13 Jan 1925 - 11 Jan 1927  Tom J. Terral                 Dem  (b. 1882 - d. 1946)
11 Jan 1927 -  4 Mar 1928  John E. Martineau             Dem  (b. 1873 - d. 1937)
 4 Mar 1928 - 10 Jan 1933  Harvey Parnell                Dem  (b. 1880 - d. 1936)
10 Jan 1933 - 12 Jan 1937  J.M. Futrell (2nd time)       Dem  (s.a.)
12 Jan 1937 - 14 Jan 1941  Carl E. Bailey                Dem  (b. 1894 - d. 1948)
14 Jan 1941 -  9 Jan 1945  Homer M. Adkins               Dem  (b. 1890 - d. 1964)
 9 Jan 1945 - 11 Jan 1949  Ben T. Laney                  Dem  (b. 1896 - d. 1977)
11 Jan 1949 - 13 Jan 1953  Sidney S. McMath              Dem  (b. 1912 - d. 2003)
13 Jan 1953 - 11 Jan 1955  Francis Cherry                Dem  (b. 1908 - d. 1965)
11 Jan 1955 - 10 Jan 1967  Orval E. Faubus               Dem  (b. 1910 - d. 1994)
10 Jan 1967 - 12 Jan 1971  Winthrop Rockefeller          Rep  (b. 1912 - d. 1973)
12 Jan 1971 -  3 Jan 1975  Dale Bumpers                  Dem  (b. 1925 - d. 2016)
 3 Jan 1975 - 14 Jan 1975  Bob Riley                     Dem  (b. 1924 - d. 1994)
14 Jan 1975 -  3 Jan 1979  David Pryor                   Dem  (b. 1934 - d. 2024)
 3 Jan 1979 -  9 Jan 1979  Joe Purcell                   Dem  (b. 1923 - d. 1987)
 9 Jan 1979 - 19 Jan 1981  Bill Clinton (1st time)       Dem  (b. 1946)
19 Jan 1981 - 11 Jan 1983  Frank D. White                Rep  (b. 1933 - d. 2003)
11 Jan 1983 - 12 Dec 1992  Bill Clinton (2nd time)       Dem  (s.a.)
12 Dec 1992 - 15 Jul 1996  Jim Guy Tucker                Dem  (b. 1943 - d. 2025)
15 Jul 1996 -  9 Jan 2007  Mike Huckabee                 Rep  (b. 1955)
 9 Jan 2007 - 13 Jan 2015  Mike Beebe                    Dem  (b. 1946)
13 Jan 2015 - 10 Jan 2023  Asa Hutchinson                Rep  (b. 1950)
10 Jan 2023 -              Sarah Huckabee Sanders (f)    Rep  (b. 1982)

California

       1768                province of New Spain
       1804                divided into Nueva California and Vieja California
11 Apr 1822                Mexican provinces (Alta California and Baja California)
14 Jun 1846 -  9 Jul 1846    California Republic during Bear Flag Revolt
 7 Jul 1846                Alta California taken by U.S. military
 4 Jul 1848                ceded to U.S.
20 Dec 1849                State of California
 9 Sep 1850                state admitted to U.S.

Governors (of Nueva/Alta California from 1804)
 6 Jul 1768 -        1769  Gaspar de Portolá                  (b. 1723 - d. 1786)
       1769 -        1770  Matías de Armona (acting)
 9 Jul 1770 -        1774  Felipe de Barri
       1774 -        1777  Fernando Rivera y Moncada
 3 Feb 1777 -        1782  Felipe de Neve                     (b. 1728 - d. 1784)
   Sep 1782 -        1791  Pedro Fages                        (b. 1730 - d. 1794)
   Oct 1791 -    Apr 1792  José Antonio de Roméu              (b. 1742? - d. 1792)
   Apr 1792 -        1794  José Joaquín de Arillaga
                           (1st time) (acting)                (b. 1750 - d. 1814)
   Oct 1794 - 16 Jan 1800  Diego de Borica                    (b. 1742 - d. 1800)
   Jan 1800 -        1800  Pedro de Alberni (acting)          (b. 1747 - d. 1802)
       1800 -        1814  José Joaquín de Arillaga
                           (2nd time) (acting to 1804)        (s.a.)
       1814 -        1815  José Darío Argüello                (b. 1754 - d. 1828)
15 Aug 1815 - 22 Nov 1822  Pablo Vicente Sola                 (b. 1761 - d. 1826?)
   Nov 1822 -        1825  Luis Antonio Argüello              (b. 1784 - d. 1830)
       1825 -        1831  José María de Echeandía (1st time) (b. ... - d. 1855)
       1831 -        1832  Manuel Victoria                    (b. ... - d. 1833)
       1832                Pío Pico (1st time)                (b. 1801 - d. 1894)
       1832 -        1833  Agustín V. Zamorano                (b. 1798 - d. 1842)
                           (in the north)
       1832 -        1833  José María de Echeandía (2nd time) (s.a.)
                           (in the south)
       1833 -        1835  José Figueroa                      (b. 1792 - d. 1843)
       1835 -        1836  José Castro (acting)               (b. 1810 - d. 1860)
       1836                Nicolás Gutiérrez (1st time)
                           (acting)
       1836                Mariano Chico                      (b. 1796 - d. 1850)
       1836                Nicolás Gutiérrez (2nd time)
                           (acting)
       1836 -        1842  Juan Bautista Alvarado             (b. 1800 - d. 1882)
       1842 -        1845  José Manuel Micheltorena           (b. 1802 - d. 1853)
       1845 -        1846  Pío Pico (2nd time)                (s.a.)
       1846 -        1847  José María Flores                  (b. 1818 - d. 1866)
       1847                Andrés Pico                        (b. 1810 - d. 1876)
Commander
14 Jun 1846 -  9 Jul 1846  William B. Ide                     (b. 1796 - d. 1852)
Military governors
 7 Jul 1846 - 29 Jul 1846  John D. Sloat                      (b. 1781 - d. 1867)
29 Jul 1846 - 19 Jan 1847  Robert F. Stockton                 (b. 1795 - d. 1866)
19 Jan 1847 -  1 Mar 1847  John C. Frémont                    (b. 1813 - d. 1890)
 1 Mar 1847 - 31 May 1847  Stephen W. Kearny                  (b. 1794 - d. 1848)
31 May 1847 - 28 Feb 1849  Richard B. Mason                   (b. 1797 - d. 1850)
28 Feb 1849 - 12 Apr 1849  Persifor F. Smith                  (b. 1798 - d. 1858)
12 Apr 1849 - 20 Dec 1849  Bennett Riley                      (b. 1787 - d. 1853)
Governors
20 Dec 1849 -  9 Jan 1851  Peter H. Burnett              Dem  (b. 1807 - d. 1895)
 9 Jan 1851 -  8 Jan 1852  John McDougal                 Dem  (b. 1818 - d. 1866)
 8 Jan 1852 -  9 Jan 1856  John Bigler                   Dem  (b. 1805 - d. 1871)
 9 Jan 1856 -  8 Jan 1858  Neely Johnson                 K-N  (b. 1825 - d. 1872)
 8 Jan 1858 -  9 Jan 1860  John B. Weller                Dem  (b. 1812 - d. 1875)
 9 Jan 1860 - 14 Jan 1860  Milton S. Latham              Dem  (b. 1827 - d. 1882)
14 Jan 1860 - 10 Jan 1862  John G. Downey                Dem  (b. 1827 - d. 1894)
10 Jan 1862 - 10 Dec 1863  Leland Stanford               Rep  (b. 1824 - d. 1893)
10 Dec 1863 -  5 Dec 1867  Frederick F. Low              Uni  (b. 1828 - d. 1894)
 5 Dec 1867 -  8 Dec 1871  Henry H. Haight               Dem  (b. 1825 - d. 1878)
 8 Dec 1871 - 27 Feb 1875  Newton Booth                  Rep  (b. 1825 - d. 1892)
27 Feb 1875 -  9 Dec 1875  Romualdo Pacheco              Rep  (b. 1831 - d. 1899)
 9 Dec 1875 -  8 Jan 1880  William Irwin                 Dem  (b. 1827 - d. 1886)
 8 Jan 1880 - 10 Jan 1883  George C. Perkins             Rep  (b. 1839 - d. 1923)
10 Jan 1883 -  8 Jan 1887  George Stoneman               Dem  (b. 1822 - d. 1894)
 8 Jan 1887 - 12 Sep 1887  Washington Bartlett           Dem  (b. 1824 - d. 1887)
13 Sep 1887 -  8 Jan 1891  Robert W. Waterman            Rep  (b. 1826 - d. 1891)
 8 Jan 1891 - 11 Jan 1895  Henry H. Markham              Rep  (b. 1840 - d. 1923)
11 Jan 1895 -  4 Jan 1899  James H. Budd                 Dem  (b. 1851 - d. 1908)
 4 Jan 1899 -  7 Jan 1903  Henry T. Gage                 Rep  (b. 1852 - d. 1924)
 7 Jan 1903 -  9 Jan 1907  George C. Pardee              Rep  (b. 1857 - d. 1941)
 9 Jan 1907 -  3 Jan 1911  James N. Gillett              Rep  (b. 1860 - d. 1937)
 3 Jan 1911 - 15 Mar 1917  Hiram W. Johnson              Rep  (b. 1866 - d. 1945)
15 Mar 1917 -  8 Jan 1923  William D. Stephens           Rep  (b. 1859 - d. 1944)
 8 Jan 1923 -  4 Jan 1927  Friend W. Richardson          Rep  (b. 1865 - d. 1943)
 4 Jan 1927 -  8 Jan 1931  Clement C. Young              Rep  (b. 1869 - d. 1947)
 8 Jan 1931 -  2 Jun 1934  James Rolph, Jr.              Rep  (b. 1869 - d. 1934)
 7 Jun 1934 -  2 Jan 1939  Frank F. Merriam              Rep  (b. 1865 - d. 1955)
 2 Jan 1939 -  4 Jan 1943  Culbert L. Olson              Dem  (b. 1876 - d. 1962)
 4 Jan 1943 -  5 Oct 1953  Earl Warren                   Rep  (b. 1891 - d. 1974)
 5 Oct 1953 -  5 Jan 1959  Goodwin J. Knight             Rep  (b. 1896 - d. 1970)
 5 Jan 1959 -  2 Jan 1967  Edmund G. Brown               Dem  (b. 1905 - d. 1996)
 2 Jan 1967 -  6 Jan 1975  Ronald Reagan                 Rep  (b. 1911 - d. 2004)
 6 Jan 1975 -  3 Jan 1983  Jerry Brown (1st time)        Dem  (b. 1938)
 3 Jan 1983 -  7 Jan 1991  George Deukmejian             Rep  (b. 1928 - d. 2018)
 7 Jan 1991 -  4 Jan 1999  Pete Wilson                   Rep  (b. 1933)
 4 Jan 1999 - 17 Nov 2003  Gray Davis                    Dem  (b. 1942)
17 Nov 2003 -  3 Jan 2011  Arnold Schwarzenegger         Rep  (b. 1947)
 3 Jan 2011 -  7 Jan 2019  Jerry Brown (2nd time)        Dem  (s.a.)
 7 Jan 2019 -              Gavin Newsom                  Dem  (b. 1967)

Colorado

       1858                part of Kansas
24 Oct 1859                Territory of Jefferson (not recognized by U.S.)
28 Feb 1861                Territory of Colorado
 1 Aug 1876                state

Governors
 7 Nov 1859 - 28 Feb 1861  Robert W. Steele (provisional)     (b. 1820 - d. 1901)
28 Feb 1861 -        1862  William Gilpin                     (b. 1815 - d. 1894)
       1862 -        1865  John Evans                         (b. 1814 - d. 1897)
       1865 -        1867  Alexander Cummings                 (b. 1810 - d. 1879)
       1867 -        1869  Alexander Cameron Hunt             (b. 1825 - d. 1894)
   Jun 1869 -        1873  Edward M. McCook (1st time)        (b. 1833 - d. 1909)
       1873 -        1874  Samuel H. Elbert                   (b. 1833 - d. 1899)
       1874 -        1875  Edward M. McCook (2nd time)        (s.a.)
30 Mar 1875 - 14 Jan 1879  John L. Routt (1st time)      Rep  (b. 1826 - d. 1907)
14 Jan 1879 -  9 Jan 1883  Frederick W. Pitkin           Rep  (b. 1837 - d. 1886)
 9 Jan 1883 - 13 Jan 1885  James B. Grant                Dem  (b. 1848 - d. 1911)
13 Jan 1885 - 11 Jan 1887  Benjamin H. Eaton             Rep  (b. 1833 - d. 1904)
11 Jan 1887 - 10 Jan 1889  Alva Adams (1st time)         Dem  (b. 1850 - d. 1922)
10 Jan 1889 - 13 Jan 1891  Job A. Cooper                 Rep  (b. 1843 - d. 1899)
13 Jan 1891 - 10 Jan 1893  John L. Routt (2nd time)      Rep  (s.a.)
10 Jan 1893 -  8 Jan 1895  Davis H. Waite                Pop  (b. 1825 - d. 1901)
 8 Jan 1895 - 12 Jan 1897  Albert W. McIntire            Rep  (b. 1853 - d. 1935)
12 Jan 1897 - 10 Jan 1899  Alva Adams (2nd time)         Dem  (s.a.)
10 Jan 1899 -  8 Jan 1901  Charles S. Thomas             Dem  (b. 1849 - d. 1934)
 8 Jan 1901 - 13 Jan 1903  James B. Orman                Dem  (b. 1849 - d. 1919)
13 Jan 1903 - 10 Jan 1905  James H. Peabody (1st time)   Rep  (b. 1852 - d. 1917)
10 Jan 1905 - 16 Mar 1905  Alva Adams (3rd time)         Dem  (s.a.)
16 Mar 1905 - 17 Mar 1905  James H. Peabody (2nd time)   Rep  (s.a.)
17 Mar 1905 -  8 Jan 1907  Jesse F. McDonald             Rep  (b. 1858 - d. 1942)
 8 Jan 1907 - 12 Jan 1909  Henry A. Buchtel              Rep  (b. 1847 - d. 1924)
12 Jan 1909 - 14 Jan 1913  John F. Shafroth              Dem  (b. 1854 - d. 1922)
14 Jan 1913 - 12 Jan 1915  Elias M. Ammons               Dem  (b. 1860 - d. 1925)
12 Jan 1915 -  9 Jan 1917  George A. Carlson             Rep  (b. 1876 - d. 1926)
 9 Jan 1917 - 14 Jan 1919  Julius C. Gunter              Dem  (b. 1858 - d. 1940)
14 Jan 1919 -  9 Jan 1923  Oliver H. Shoup               Rep  (b. 1869 - d. 1940)
 9 Jan 1923 - 13 Jan 1925  William E. Sweet              Dem  (b. 1869 - d. 1942)
13 Jan 1925 - 11 Jan 1927  Clarence J. Morley            Rep  (b. 1869 - d. 1948)
11 Jan 1927 - 10 Jan 1933  William H. Adams              Dem  (b. 1861 - d. 1954)
10 Jan 1933 -  3 Jan 1937  Edwin C. Johnson (1st time)   Dem  (b. 1884 - d. 1970)
 3 Jan 1937 - 12 Jan 1937  Ray H. Talbot                 Dem  (b. 1896 - d. 1955)
12 Jan 1937 - 10 Jan 1939  Teller Ammons                 Dem  (b. 1895 - d. 1972)
10 Jan 1939 - 12 Jan 1943  Ralph L. Carr                 Rep  (b. 1887 - d. 1950)
12 Jan 1943 - 14 Jan 1947  John C. Vivian                Rep  (b. 1887 - d. 1964)
14 Jan 1947 - 15 Apr 1950  William Lee Knous             Dem  (b. 1889 - d. 1959)
15 Apr 1950 -  9 Jan 1951  Walter W. Johnson             Dem  (b. 1904 - d. 1987)
 9 Jan 1951 - 11 Jan 1955  Dan Thornton                  Rep  (b. 1911 - d. 1976)
11 Jan 1955 -  8 Jan 1957  Edwin C. Johnson (2nd time)   Dem  (s.a.)
 8 Jan 1957 -  8 Jan 1963  Stephen L.R. McNichols        Dem  (b. 1914 - d. 1997)
 8 Jan 1963 - 16 Jul 1973  John A. Love                  Rep  (b. 1916 - d. 2002)
16 Jul 1973 - 14 Jan 1975  John Vanderhoof               Rep  (b. 1922 - d. 2013)
14 Jan 1975 - 13 Jan 1987  Richard D. Lamm               Dem  (b. 1935 - d. 2021)
13 Jan 1987 - 12 Jan 1999  Roy Romer                     Dem  (b. 1928)
12 Jan 1999 -  9 Jan 2007  Bill Owens                    Rep  (b. 1950)
 9 Jan 2007 - 11 Jan 2011  Bill Ritter                   Dem  (b. 1956)
11 Jan 2011 -  8 Jan 2019  John Hickenlooper             Dem  (b. 1952)
 8 Jan 2019 -              Jared Polis                   Dem  (b. 1975)

Connecticut

       1639                Connecticut Colony
11 Nov 1687 - 28 Apr 1689  part of Dominion of New England (see under Massachusetts)
 7 Jul 1776                State of Connecticut

Governors
   Apr 1639 -        1640  John Haynes (1st time)             (b. 1594 - d. 1654)
       1640 -        1641  Edward Hopkins (1st time)          (b. 1600 - d. 1657)
       1641 -        1642  John Haynes (2nd time)             (s.a.)
       1642 -        1643  George Wyllys                      (b. 1590 - d. 1645)
       1643 -        1644  John Haynes (3rd time)             (s.a.)
       1644 -        1645  Edward Hopkins (2nd time)          (s.a.)
       1645 -        1646  John Haynes (4th time)             (s.a.)
       1646 -        1647  Edward Hopkins (3rd time)          (s.a.)
       1647 -        1648  John Haynes (5th time)             (s.a.)
       1648 -        1649  Edward Hopkins (4th time)          (s.a.)
       1649 -        1650  John Haynes (6th time)             (s.a.)
       1650 -        1651  Edward Hopkins (5th time)          (s.a.)
       1651 -        1652  John Haynes (7th time)             (s.a.)
       1652 -        1653  Edward Hopkins (6th time)          (s.a.)
       1653 -        1654  John Haynes (8th time)             (s.a.)
       1654 -        1655  Edward Hopkins (7th time)          (s.a.)
       1655 -        1656  Thomas Welles (1st time)           (b. c.1590 - d. 1660)
       1656 -        1657  John Webster                       (b. 1590 - d. 1661)
       1657 -        1658  John Winthrop, Jr. (1st time)      (b. 1606 - d. 1676)
       1658 -        1659  Thomas Welles (2nd time)           (s.a.)
       1659 - 15 Apr 1676  John Winthrop, Jr. (2nd time)      (s.a.)
       1676 - 26 Apr 1683  William Leete                      (b. 1613? - d. 1683)
       1683 -        1687  Robert Treat (1st time)            (b. 1624? - d. 1710)
       1689 -        1698  Robert Treat (2nd time)            (s.a.)
       1698 -  8 Dec 1707  Fitz-John Winthrop                 (b. 1638 - d. 1707)
   Dec 1707 -        1724  Gurdon Saltonstall                 (b. 1666 - d. 1724)
       1724 -        1741  Joseph Talcott                     (b. 1669 - d. 1741)
       1741 -        1750  Jonathan Law                       (b. 1674 - d. 1750)
       1750 -        1754  Roger Wolcott                      (b. 1679 - d. 1767)
       1754 -        1766  Thomas Fitch                       (b. 1700 - d. 1774)
       1766 -        1769  William Pitkin                     (b. 1694 - d. 1769)
   Oct 1769 - 13 May 1784  Jonathan Trumbull                  (b. 1710 - d. 1785)
13 May 1784 - 11 May 1786  Matthew Griswold              Fed  (b. 1714 - d. 1799)
11 May 1786 -  5 Jan 1796  Samuel Huntington             Fed  (b. 1731 - d. 1796)
 5 Jan 1796 -  1 Dec 1797  Oliver Wolcott                Fed  (b. 1726 - d. 1797)
 1 Dec 1797 -  7 Aug 1809  Jonathan Trumbull, Jr.        Fed  (b. 1740 - d. 1809)
 7 Aug 1809 -  9 May 1811  John Treadwell                Fed  (b. 1745 - d. 1823)
 9 May 1811 - 25 Oct 1812  Roger Griswold                Fed  (b. 1762 - d. 1812)
25 Oct 1812 -  8 May 1817  John Cotton Smith             Fed  (b. 1765 - d. 1845)
 8 May 1817 -  2 May 1827  Oliver Wolcott, Jr.           Tol  (b. 1760 - d. 1833)
 2 May 1827 -  2 Mar 1831  Gideon Tomlinson              D-R  (b. 1780 - d. 1854)
 4 Mar 1831 -  4 May 1833  John S. Peters                N-R  (b. 1772 - d. 1858)
 4 May 1833 -  7 May 1834  Henry W. Edwards (1st time)   Dem  (b. 1779 - d. 1847)
 7 May 1834 -  6 May 1835  Samuel A. Foot                Whg  (b. 1780 - d. 1846)
 6 May 1835 -  2 May 1838  Henry W. Edwards (2nd time)   Dem  (s.a.)
 2 May 1838 -  4 May 1842  William W. Ellsworth          Whg  (b. 1791 - d. 1868)
 4 May 1842 -  2 May 1844  Chauncey F. Cleveland         Dem  (b. 1799 - d. 1887)
 2 May 1844 -  6 May 1846  Roger S. Baldwin              Whg  (b. 1793 - d. 1863)
 6 May 1846 -  5 May 1847  Isaac Toucey                  Dem  (b. 1796 - d. 1869)
 5 May 1847 -  2 May 1849  Clark Bissell                 Whg  (b. 1782 - d. 1857)
 2 May 1849 -  4 May 1850  Joseph Trumbull               Whg  (b. 1782 - d. 1861)
 4 May 1850 - 13 Oct 1853  Thomas H. Seymour             Dem  (b. 1807 - d. 1868)
13 Oct 1853 -  3 May 1854  Charles H. Pond               Dem  (b. 1781 - d. 1861)
 3 May 1854 -  3 May 1855  Henry Dutton                  Whg  (b. 1796 - d. 1869)
 3 May 1855 -  6 May 1857  William T. Minor              K-N  (b. 1815 - d. 1889)
 6 May 1857 -  5 May 1858  Alexander H. Holley           Whg  (b. 1804 - d. 1887)
 5 May 1858 -  2 May 1866  William A. Buckingham         Rep  (b. 1804 - d. 1875)
 2 May 1866 -  1 May 1867  Joseph R. Hawley              Rep  (b. 1826 - d. 1905)
 1 May 1867 -  5 May 1869  James E. English (1st time)   Dem  (b. 1812 - d. 1890)
 5 May 1869 -  4 May 1870  Marshall Jewell (1st time)    Rep  (b. 1825 - d. 1883)
 4 May 1870 - 16 May 1871  James E. English (2nd time)   Dem  (s.a.)
16 May 1871 -  7 May 1873  Marshall Jewell (2nd time)    Rep  (s.a.)
 7 May 1873 -  3 Jan 1877  Charles R. Ingersoll          Dem  (b. 1821 - d. 1903)
 3 Jan 1877 -  9 Jan 1879  Richard D. Hubbard            Dem  (b. 1818 - d. 1884)
 9 Jan 1879 -  5 Jan 1881  Charles B. Andrews            Rep  (b. 1834 - d. 1902)
 5 Jan 1881 -  3 Jan 1883  Hobart B. Bigelow             Rep  (b. 1834 - d. 1891)
 3 Jan 1883 -  8 Jan 1885  Thomas M. Waller              Dem  (b. 1840 - d. 1924)
 8 Jan 1885 -  7 Jan 1887  Henry B. Harrison             Rep  (b. 1821 - d. 1901)
 7 Jan 1887 - 10 Jan 1889  Phineas C. Lounsbury          Rep  (b. 1844 - d. 1925)
10 Jan 1889 -  4 Jan 1893  Morgan G. Bulkeley            Rep  (b. 1837 - d. 1922)
 4 Jan 1893 -  9 Jan 1895  Luzon B. Morris               Dem  (b. 1827 - d. 1895)
 9 Jan 1895 -  6 Jan 1897  O. Vincent Coffin             Rep  (b. 1836 - d. 1921)
 6 Jan 1897 -  4 Jan 1899  Lorrin A. Cooke               Rep  (b. 1831 - d. 1902)
 4 Jan 1899 -  9 Jan 1901  George E. Lounsbury           Rep  (b. 1838 - d. 1904)
 9 Jan 1901 -  7 Jan 1903  George P. McLean              Rep  (b. 1857 - d. 1932)
 7 Jan 1903 -  4 Jan 1905  Abiram Chamberlain            Rep  (b. 1837 - d. 1911)
 4 Jan 1905 -  9 Jan 1907  Henry Roberts                 Rep  (b. 1853 - d. 1929)
 9 Jan 1907 -  6 Jan 1909  Rollin S. Woodruff            Rep  (b. 1854 - d. 1925)
 6 Jan 1909 - 21 Apr 1909  George L. Lilley              Rep  (b. 1859 - d. 1909)
21 Apr 1909 -  4 Jan 1911  Frank B. Weeks                Rep  (b. 1854 - d. 1935)
 4 Jan 1911 -  6 Jan 1915  Simeon E. Baldwin             Dem  (b. 1840 - d. 1927)
 6 Jan 1915 -  5 Jan 1921  Marcus H. Holcomb             Rep  (b. 1844 - d. 1932)
 5 Jan 1921 -  3 Jan 1923  Everett J. Lake               Rep  (b. 1871 - d. 1948)
 3 Jan 1923 -  7 Jan 1925  Charles A. Templeton          Rep  (b. 1871 - d. 1955)
 7 Jan 1925 -  8 Jan 1925  Hiram Bingham                 Rep  (b. 1875 - d. 1956)
 8 Jan 1925 -  7 Jan 1931  John H. Trumbull              Rep  (b. 1873 - d. 1961)
 8 Jan 1931 -  4 Jan 1939  Wilbur L. Cross               Dem  (b. 1862 - d. 1948)
 4 Jan 1939 -  8 Jan 1941  Raymond E. Baldwin (1st time) Rep  (b. 1893 - d. 1986)
 8 Jan 1941 -  6 Jan 1943  Robert A. Hurley              Dem  (b. 1895 - d. 1968)
 6 Jan 1943 - 27 Dec 1946  Raymond E. Baldwin (2nd time) Rep  (s.a.)
27 Dec 1946 -  8 Jan 1947  Wilbert Snow                  Dem  (b. 1884 - d. 1977)
 8 Jan 1947 -  7 Mar 1948  James L. McConaughy           Rep  (b. 1887 - d. 1948)
 7 Mar 1948 -  5 Jan 1949  James C. Shannon              Rep  (b. 1896 - d. 1980)
 5 Jan 1949 -  3 Jan 1951  Chester Bowles                Dem  (b. 1901 - d. 1986)
 3 Jan 1951 -  5 Jan 1955  John Davis Lodge              Rep  (b. 1903 - d. 1985)
 5 Jan 1955 - 21 Jan 1961  Abraham A. Ribicoff           Dem  (b. 1910 - d. 1998)
21 Jan 1961 -  6 Jan 1971  John N. Dempsey               Dem  (b. 1915 - d. 1989)
 6 Jan 1971 -  8 Jan 1975  Thomas J. Meskill             Rep  (b. 1928 - d. 2007)
 8 Jan 1975 - 31 Dec 1980  Ella T. Grasso (f)            Dem  (b. 1919 - d. 1981)
31 Dec 1980 -  9 Jan 1991  William A. O'Neill            Dem  (b. 1930 - d. 2007)
 9 Jan 1991 -  4 Jan 1995  Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.        Ind  (b. 1931 - d. 2023)
 4 Jan 1995 -  1 Jul 2004  John G. Rowland               Rep  (b. 1957)
 1 Jul 2004 -  5 Jan 2011  M. Jodi Rell (f)              Rep  (b. 1946 - d. 2024)
 5 Jan 2011 -  9 Jan 2019  Dan Malloy                    Dem  (b. 1955)
 9 Jan 2019 -              Ned Lamont                    Dem  (b. 1954)

New Haven Colony

Governors
       1639 -  7 Jan 1658  Theophilus Eaton                   (b. 1591 - d. 1658)
       1658 -        1660  Francis Newman
       1661 -        1664  William Leete                      (s.a.)

Delaware

29 Mar 1638                Swedish colony (New Sweden)
15 Sep 1655                part of New Netherland (see New York)
       1682                part of Pennsylvania
 4 Jul 1776                Government of the Counties of New Castle, Kent, and
                           Sussex upon Delaware
21 Sep 1776                The Delaware State

Governors
       1638                Peter Minuit                       (b. 1580 - d. 1638)
       1640                Jost van Bogardt (acting)
       1640 -        1643  Peter Hollandaer Ridder
       1643 -        1653  Johan Björnsson Printz             (b. 1592 - d. 1663)
       1653 -        1654  Johan Papegoja                     (b. ... - d. 1667)
       1654 -        1655  Johan Classon Rising               (b. 1617 - d. 1672)
Speaker of the House of Representatives
 4 Jul 1776 - 22 Jul 1776  Caesar Rodney                      (b. 1728 - d. 1784)
President of the Constitutional Convention
30 Aug 1776 - 21 Sep 1776  George Read                        (b. 1733 - d. 1798)
Presidents
29 Oct 1776 - 21 Feb 1777  John McKinly                       (b. 1721 - d. 1796)
                           + George Read                      (s.a.)
21 Feb 1777 -  2 Apr 1778  John McKinly                       (s.a.)
                           (British prisoner from 3 Sep 1777)
22 Sep 1777 - 20 Oct 1777    Thomas McKean                    (b. 1734 - d. 1817)
                             (acting for McKinly)
20 Oct 1777 -  2 Apr 1778    George Read                      (s.a.)
                             (acting for McKinly)
 2 Apr 1778 - 13 Nov 1781  Caesar Rodney                      (s.a.)
13 Nov 1781 - 31 Jan 1783  John Dickinson                     (b. 1732 - d. 1808)
31 Jan 1783 -  8 Feb 1783  John Cook                          (b. 1730 - d. 1789)
                           (acting [for Dickinson from Nov 1782])
 8 Feb 1783 - 27 Oct 1786  Nicholas Van Dyke                  (b. 1738 - d. 1789)
27 Oct 1786 - 29 Mar 1789  Thomas Collins                     (b. 1732 - d. 1789)
29 Mar 1789 -  2 Jun 1789  Jehu Davis (acting)                (b. 1740 - d. 1802)
 2 Jun 1789 - 15 Jan 1793  Joshua Clayton                Fed  (b. 1744 - d. 1798)
Governors
15 Jan 1793 - 19 Jan 1796  Joshua Clayton                Fed  (s.a.)
19 Jan 1796 - 30 Sep 1797  Gunning Bedford               Fed  (b. 1742 - d. 1797)
30 Sep 1797 - 15 Jan 1799  Daniel Rogers (acting)        Fed  (b. 1754 - d. 1806)
15 Jan 1799 - 20 Feb 1801  Richard Bassett               Fed  (b. 1745 - d. 1815)
 4 Mar 1801 - 19 Jan 1802  James Sykes (acting)          Fed  (b. 1761 - d. 1822)
19 Jan 1802 - 15 Jan 1805  David Hall                    D-R  (b. 1752 - d. 1817)
15 Jan 1805 - 19 Jan 1808  Nathaniel Mitchell            Fed  (b. 1753 - d. 1814)
19 Jan 1808 - 15 Jan 1811  George Truitt                 Fed  (b. 1756 - d. 1818)
15 Jan 1811 - 18 Jan 1814  Joseph Haslet (1st time)      D-R  (b. 1769 - d. 1823)
18 Jan 1814 - 21 Jan 1817  Daniel Rodney                 Fed  (b. 1764 - d. 1846)
21 Jan 1817 - 15 Jan 1820  John Clark                    Fed  (b. 1761 - d. 1821)
18 Jan 1820 - 16 Jan 1821  Jacob Stout (acting)          Fed  (b. 1764 - d. 1855)
16 Jan 1821 - 16 Apr 1822  John Collins                  D-R  (b. 1776 - d. 1822)
23 Apr 1822 - 21 Jan 1823  Caleb Rodney (acting)         Fed  (b. 1767 - d. 1840)
21 Jan 1823 - 20 Jun 1823  Joseph Haslet (2nd time)      D-R  (s.a.)
24 Jun 1823 - 20 Jan 1824  Charles Thomas (acting)       D-R  (b. 1790 - d. 1848)
20 Jan 1824 - 16 Jan 1827  Samuel Paynter                Fed  (b. 1768 - d. 1845)
16 Jan 1827 - 19 Jan 1830  Charles Polk (1st time)       Fed  (b. 1788 - d. 1857)
19 Jan 1830 - 15 Jan 1833  David Hazzard                 A-R  (b. 1781 - d. 1864)
15 Jan 1833 -  9 May 1836  Caleb P. Bennett              Dem  (b. 1758 - d. 1836)
 9 May 1836 - 17 Jan 1837  Charles Polk (2nd time)       Whg  (s.a.)
                           (acting)
17 Jan 1837 - 19 Jan 1841  Cornelius P. Comegys          Whg  (b. 1780 - d. 1851)
19 Jan 1841 - 21 Jan 1845  William B. Cooper             Whg  (b. 1771 - d. 1849)
21 Jan 1845 -  2 Mar 1846  Thomas Stockton               Whg  (b. 1781 - d. 1846)
 2 Mar 1846 -  3 May 1846  Joseph Maull (acting)         Whg  (b. 1781 - d. 1846)
 6 May 1846 - 19 Jan 1847  William Temple (acting)       Whg  (b. 1814 - d. 1863)
19 Jan 1847 - 21 Jan 1851  William Tharp                 Dem  (b. 1803 - d. 1865)
21 Jan 1851 - 16 Jan 1855  William H. Ross               Dem  (b. 1814 - d. 1887)
16 Jan 1855 - 18 Jan 1859  Peter Causey                  K-N  (b. 1801 - d. 1871)
18 Jan 1859 - 20 Jan 1863  William Burton                Dem  (b. 1789 - d. 1866)
20 Jan 1863 -  1 Mar 1865  William Cannon                Uni  (b. 1809 - d. 1865)
 1 Mar 1865 - 17 Jan 1871  Gove Saulsbury                Dem  (b. 1815 - d. 1881)
                           (acting to Jan 1867)
17 Jan 1871 - 19 Jan 1875  James Ponder                  Dem  (b. 1819 - d. 1897)
19 Jan 1875 - 21 Jan 1879  John P. Cochran               Dem  (b. 1809 - d. 1898)
21 Jan 1879 - 16 Jan 1883  John W. Hall                  Dem  (b. 1817 - d. 1892)
16 Jan 1883 - 18 Jan 1887  Charles C. Stockley           Dem  (b. 1819 - d. 1901)
18 Jan 1887 - 20 Jan 1891  Benjamin T. Biggs             Dem  (b. 1821 - d. 1893)
20 Jan 1891 - 15 Jan 1895  Robert J. Reynolds            Dem  (b. 1838 - d. 1909)
15 Jan 1895 -  8 Apr 1895  Joshua H. Marvil              Rep  (b. 1825 - d. 1895)
 8 Apr 1895 - 19 Jan 1897  William T. Watson (acting)    Dem  (b. 1849 - d. 1917)
19 Jan 1897 - 15 Jan 1901  Ebe W. Tunnell                Dem  (b. 1844 - d. 1917)
15 Jan 1901 - 17 Jan 1905  John Hunn                     Rep  (b. 1849 - d. 1926)
17 Jan 1905 - 19 Jan 1909  Preston Lea                   Rep  (b. 1841 - d. 1916)
19 Jan 1909 - 21 Jan 1913  Simeon S. Pennewill           Rep  (b. 1867 - d. 1935)
21 Jan 1913 - 16 Jan 1917  Charles R. Miller             Rep  (b. 1857 - d. 1927)
16 Jan 1917 - 18 Jan 1921  John G. Townsend, Jr.         Rep  (b. 1871 - d. 1964)
18 Jan 1921 - 20 Jan 1925  William D. Denney             Rep  (b. 1873 - d. 1953)
20 Jan 1925 - 15 Jan 1929  Robert P. Robinson            Rep  (b. 1869 - d. 1939)
15 Jan 1929 - 19 Jan 1937  C. Douglass Buck              Rep  (b. 1890 - d. 1965)
19 Jan 1937 - 21 Jan 1941  R.C. McMullen                 Dem  (b. 1868 - d. 1944)
21 Jan 1941 - 18 Jan 1949  Walter W. Bacon               Rep  (b. 1880 - d. 1962)
18 Jan 1949 - 20 Jan 1953  Elbert N. Carvel (1st time)   Dem  (b. 1910 - d. 2005)
20 Jan 1953 - 30 Dec 1960  J. Caleb Boggs                Rep  (b. 1909 - d. 1993)
30 Dec 1960 - 17 Jan 1961  David P. Buckson              Rep  (b. 1920 - d. 2017)
17 Jan 1961 - 19 Jan 1965  Elbert N. Carvel (2nd time)   Dem  (s.a.)
19 Jan 1965 - 21 Jan 1969  Charles L. Terry, Jr.         Dem  (b. 1900 - d. 1970)
21 Jan 1969 - 16 Jan 1973  Russell W. Peterson           Rep  (b. 1916 - d. 2011)
16 Jan 1973 - 18 Jan 1977  Sherman W. Tribbitt           Dem  (b. 1922 - d. 2010)
18 Jan 1977 - 15 Jan 1985  Pierre S. du Pont IV          Rep  (b. 1935 - d. 2021)
15 Jan 1985 -  3 Jan 1993  Michael N. Castle             Rep  (b. 1939 - d. 2025)
 3 Jan 1993 - 19 Jan 1993  Dale E. Wolf                  Rep  (b. 1924 - d. 2021)
19 Jan 1993 -  3 Jan 2001  Tom Carper                    Dem  (b. 1947)
 3 Jan 2001 - 20 Jan 2009  Ruth Ann Minner (f)           Dem  (b. 1935 - d. 2021)
20 Jan 2009 - 17 Jan 2017  Jack Markell                  Dem  (b. 1960)
17 Jan 2017 -  7 Jan 2025  John Carney                   Dem  (b. 1956)
 7 Jan 2025 - 21 Jan 2025  Bethany Hall-Long (f)         Dem  (b. 1963)
21 Jan 2025 -              Matt Meyer                    Dem  (b. 1971)

District of Columbia

       1791                district created from land ceded by Virginia and Maryland;
                           unofficially referred to as Territory of Columbia
 6 May 1796                officially named District of Columbia
 9 Jul 1846                former Virginian part (Alexandria) returned to Virginia
 2 Jan 1975                home rule

Mayors of Washington
22 Jan 1791 -  1 Jun 1802  Commission
                           - Thomas Johnson (to 23 Aug 1794)  (b. 1732 - d. 1819)
                           - Daniel Carroll                   (b. 1730 - d. 1796)
                             (4 Mar 1791 - 21 May 1795)
                           - David Stuart (to 12 Sep 1794)    (b. 1753 - d. 1814)
                           - Gustavus Scott                   (b. 1753 - d. 1800)
                             (23 Aug 1794 - 25 Dec 1800)
                           - William Thornton                 (b. 1759 - d. 1828)
                             (from 12 Sep 1794)
                           - Alexander White                  (b. 1738 - d. 1804)
                             (from 21 May 1795)
                           - William Cranch                   (b. 1769 - d. 1855)
                             (14 Jan - 3 Mar 1801)
                           - Tristram Dalton                  (b. 1738 - d. 1817)
                             (from 10 Mar 1801)
 1 Jun 1802 -    May 1812  Robert Brent                       (b. 1763 - d. 1819)
 8 Jun 1812 -    Jun 1813  Daniel Rapine                      (b. 1768 - d. 1826)
14 Jun 1813 -    Jun 1817  James H. Blake                     (b. 1768 - d. 1819)
 9 Jun 1817 -    Jun 1819  Benjamin G. Orr                    (b. 1762? - d. 1822)
14 Jun 1819 -    Jun 1822  Samuel N. Smallwood (1st time)     (b. 1772 - d. 1824)
14 Jun 1822 -    Jun 1824  Thomas Carbery                     (b. 1791 - d. 1863)
14 Jun 1824 - 30 Sep 1824  Samuel N. Smallwood (2nd time)     (s.a.)
 4 Oct 1824 - 31 Jul 1827  Roger C. Weightman                 (b. 1787 - d. 1876)
31 Jul 1827 -    Jun 1830  Joseph Gales, Jr.                  (b. 1786 - d. 1860)
14 Jun 1830 -    Jun 1834  John P. Van Ness                   (b. 1769 - d. 1846)
 9 Jun 1834 -    Jun 1836  William A. Bradley                 (b. 1794 - d. 1867)
13 Jun 1836 -    Jun 1840  Peter Force                        (b. 1790 - d. 1868)
 8 Jun 1840 -    Jun 1850  William Winston Seaton             (b. 1785 - d. 1866)
10 Jun 1850 -    Jun 1852  Walter Lenox                       (b. 1817 - d. 1874)
14 Jun 1852 -    Jun 1854  John W. Maury                      (b. 1809 - d. 1855)
12 Jun 1854 -    Jun 1856  John Thomas Towers                 (b. 1811 - d. 1857)
 9 Jun 1856 -    Jun 1858  William B. Magruder                (b. 1810 - d. 1869)
14 Jun 1858 - 24 Aug 1861  James G. Berret                    (b. 1815 - d. 1901)
26 Aug 1861 -    Jun 1868  Richard Wallach                    (b. 1816 - d. 1881)
 8 Jun 1868 -    Jun 1870  Sayles J. Bowen                    (b. 1813 - d. 1896)
13 Jun 1870 -  1 Jun 1871  Matthew Gault Emery                (b. 1818 - d. 1901)
Mayors of Georgetown
 5 Jan 1790 -  3 Jan 1791  Robert Peter                       (b. 1726 - d. 1806)
 3 Jan 1791 -  2 Jan 1792  Thomas Beale
 2 Jan 1792 -  7 Jan 1793  Uriah Forrest                      (b. 1756 - d. 1805)
 7 Jan 1793 -  6 Jan 1794  John Threlkeld
 6 Jan 1794 -  5 Jan 1795  Peter Casanave                     (b. 1763? - d. 1796)
 5 Jan 1795 -  4 Jan 1796  Thomas Turner
 4 Jan 1796 -  2 Jan 1797  Daniel Reintzel (1st time)         (b. 1755 - d. 1828)
 2 Jan 1797 - 19 Oct 1799  Lloyd Beall
19 Oct 1799 -  7 Jan 1805  Daniel Reintzel (2nd time)         (s.a.)
 7 Jan 1805 -  6 Jan 1806  Thomas Corcoran (1st time)         (b. 1754 - d. 1830)
 6 Jan 1806 -  4 Jan 1808  Daniel Reintzel (3rd time)         (s.a.)
 4 Jan 1808 -  7 Jan 1811  Thomas Corcoran (2nd time)         (s.a.)
 7 Jan 1811 -  6 Jan 1812  David Wiley                        (b. 1768 - d. 1812)
 6 Jan 1812 -  4 Jan 1813  Thomas Corcoran (3rd time)         (s.a.)
 4 Jan 1813 -  4 Jan 1819  John Peter (1st time)
 4 Jan 1819 -  1 Jan 1821  Henry Foxall                       (b. 1758 - d. 1823)
 1 Jan 1821 -  6 Jan 1823  John Peter (2nd time)
 6 Jan 1823 -  3 Mar 1845  John Cox                           (b. 1775 - d. 1849)
 3 Mar 1845 -  2 Mar 1857  Henry Addison (1st time)           (b. 1798 - d. 1870)
 2 Mar 1857 -  4 Mar 1861  Richard R. Crawford                (b. 1811? - d. 1888)
 4 Mar 1861 -  4 Mar 1867  Henry Addison (2nd time)           (s.a.)
 4 Mar 1867 -  1 Mar 1869  Charles D. Welch
 1 Mar 1869 - 31 May 1871  Henry M. Sweeney
Governors
28 Feb 1871 - 13 Sep 1873  Henry Cooke                        (b. 1825 - d. 1881)
13 Sep 1873 - 20 Jun 1874  Alexander Shepherd                 (b. 1835 - d. 1902)
 1 Jul 1874 -  1 Jul 1878  Commission
                           - William Dennison, Jr.            (b. 1815 - d. 1882)
                           - Henry T. Blow (to 31 Dec 1874)   (b. 1817 - d. 1875)
                           - John H. Ketcham                  (b. 1832 - d. 1906)
                             (3 Jul 1874 - 30 Jun 1877)
                           - Seth Ledyard Phelps              (b. 1824 - d. 1885)
                             (from 18 Jan 1875)
                           - Thomas B. Bryan                  (b. 1828 - d. 1906)
                             (from 3 Dec 1877)
Presidents of the Board of Commissioners
 1 Jul 1878 - 29 Nov 1879  Seth Ledyard Phelps                (s.a.)
29 Nov 1879 - 17 Jul 1882  Josiah Dent                        (b. 1817 - d. 1899)
17 Jul 1882 - 29 Mar 1883  Joseph Rodman West                 (b. 1822 - d. 1898)
29 Mar 1883 -  1 Jan 1886  James Barker Edmonds               (b. 1832 - d. 1900)
 1 Jan 1886 - 21 May 1889  William Benning Webb               (b. 1825 - d. 1896)
21 May 1889 -  1 Mar 1893  John Watkinson Douglass            (b. 1827 - d. 1909)
 1 Mar 1893 -  1 Jun 1898  John Wesley Ross                   (b. 1841 - d. 1902)
 1 Jun 1898 -  9 May 1900  John Brewer Wight                  (b. 1853 - d. 1923)
 9 May 1900 - 24 Jan 1910  Henry Brown Floyd Macfarland       (b. 1861 - d. 1921)
24 Jan 1910 - 19 Jul 1913  Cuno Hugo Rudolph (1st time)       (b. 1860 - d. 1932)
19 Jul 1913 -  9 Oct 1917  Oliver Peck Newman                 (b. 1877 - d. 1956)
 9 Oct 1917 - 17 Sep 1920  Louis Brownlow                     (b. 1879 - d. 1963)
17 Sep 1920 - 25 Sep 1920  Charles Willauer Kutz (acting)     (b. 1870 - d. 1951)
25 Sep 1920 -  4 Dec 1926  Cuno Hugo Rudolph (2nd time)       (s.a.)
 4 Dec 1926 - 10 Apr 1930  Proctor L. Dougherty               (b. 1873 - d. 1966)
10 Apr 1930 - 16 Nov 1933  Luther H. Reichelderfer            (b. 1874 - d. 1945)
16 Nov 1933 - 15 Jul 1941  Melvin C. Hazen                    (b. 1867 - d. 1941)
29 Jul 1941 -  2 Jun 1952  John Russell Young                 (b. 1882 - d. 1967)
 2 Jun 1952 -  6 Apr 1953  F. Joseph Donohue                  (b. 1900 - d. 1978)
 6 Apr 1953 -  6 Apr 1956  Samuel Spencer                     (b. 1910 - d. 1997)
 6 Apr 1956 -  3 Mar 1961  Robert E. McLaughlin
 3 Mar 1961 -  3 Nov 1967  Walter N. Tobriner                 (b. 1902 - d. 1979)
Mayors
 3 Nov 1967 -  2 Jan 1979  Walter Washington             Dem  (b. 1915 - d. 2003)
 2 Jan 1979 -  2 Jan 1991  Marion Barry (1st time)       Dem  (b. 1936 - d. 2014)
 2 Jan 1991 -  2 Jan 1995  Sharon Pratt Dixon (from Dec
                           1991, Sharon Pratt Kelly) (f) Dem  (b. 1944)
 2 Jan 1995 -  2 Jan 1999  Marion Barry (2nd time)       Dem  (s.a.)
 2 Jan 1999 -  2 Jan 2007  Anthony Williams              Dem  (b. 1951)
 2 Jan 2007 -  2 Jan 2011  Adrian Fenty                  Dem  (b. 1970)
 2 Jan 2011 -  2 Jan 2015  Vincent Gray                  Dem  (b. 1942)
 2 Jan 2015 -              Muriel Bowser (f)             Dem  (b. 1972)