Pakistan - Palau - Palestine - Panama - Papua New Guinea - Paraguay - Peru |
15 Aug 1947 independence (Dominion of Pakistan)
(previously part of British India)
23 Mar 1956 Islamic Republic of Pakistan
8 Jun 1962 Republic of Pakistan
16 Jan 1964 Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Governors-general (representing the British monarch as head of state)
15 Aug 1947 - 11 Sep 1948 Mohammad Ali Jinnah (b. 1876 - d. 1948)
14 Sep 1948 - 19 Oct 1951 Khwaja Nazimuddin (b. 1894 - d. 1964)
(acting to 11 Nov 1948)
19 Oct 1951 - 6 Oct 1955 Ghulam Mohammad (b. 1895 - d. 1956)
7 Aug 1955 - 23 Mar 1956 Iskander Mirza (b. 1899 - d. 1969)
(acting for Mohammad to 6 Oct 1955)
Presidents
23 Mar 1956 - 27 Oct 1958 Iskander Mirza (s.a.)
27 Oct 1958 - 25 Mar 1969 Mohammad Ayub Khan (b. 1907 - d. 1974)
25 Mar 1969 - 20 Dec 1971 Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan (b. 1917 - d. 1980)
(chief martial law administrator to 31 Mar 1969)
20 Dec 1971 - 13 Aug 1973 Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (b. 1928 - d. 1979)
14 Aug 1973 - 16 Sep 1978 Fazal Elahi Chaudhry (b. 1904 - d. 1982)
16 Sep 1978 - 17 Aug 1988 Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq (b. 1924 - d. 1988)
17 Aug 1988 - 18 Jul 1993 Ghulam Ishaq Khan (b. 1915 - d. 2006)
(acting to 12 Dec 1988)
18 Jul 1993 - 14 Nov 1993 Wasim Sajjad (1st time) (acting) (b. 1941)
14 Nov 1993 - 2 Dec 1997 Farooq Ahmed Leghari (b. 1940 - d. 2010)
2 Dec 1997 - 1 Jan 1998 Wasim Sajjad (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1998 - 20 Jun 2001 Mohammad Rafiq Tarar (b. 1929 - d. 2022)
20 Jun 2001 - 18 Aug 2008 Pervez Musharraf (b. 1943 - d. 2023)
18 Aug 2008 - 9 Sep 2008 Mohammadmian Soomro (acting) (b. 1950)
9 Sep 2008 - 9 Sep 2013 Asif Ali Zardari (1st time) (b. 1955)
9 Sep 2013 - 9 Sep 2018 Mamnoon Hussain (b. 1940 - d. 2021)
9 Sep 2018 - 10 Mar 2024 Arif Alvi (b. 1949)
10 Mar 2024 - Asif Ali Zardari (2nd time) (s.a.)
Prime ministers
19 Jul 1947 - 16 Oct 1951 Liaquat Ali Khan (b. 1895 - d. 1951)
17 Oct 1951 - 17 Apr 1953 Khwaja Nazimuddin (s.a.)
17 Apr 1953 - 11 Aug 1955 Mohammad Ali Bogra (b. 1909 - d. 1963)
11 Aug 1955 - 12 Sep 1956 Chaudhry Mohammad Ali (b. 1905 - d. 1980)
12 Sep 1956 - 18 Oct 1957 Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy (b. 1893 - d. 1963)
18 Oct 1957 - 16 Dec 1957 Ismail Ibrahim Chundrigar (b. 1897 - d. 1960)
16 Dec 1957 - 7 Oct 1958 Malik Firoz Khan Noon (b. 1893 - d. 1970)
7 Oct 1958 - 28 Oct 1958 Mohammad Ayub Khan (s.a.)
(chief martial law administrator to 24 Oct 1958)
7 Dec 1971 - 20 Dec 1971 Nurul Amin (b. 1893 - d. 1974)
14 Aug 1973 - 5 Jul 1977 Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (s.a.)
5 Jul 1977 - 24 Mar 1985 Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq (s.a.)
(chief martial law administrator)
24 Mar 1985 - 29 May 1988 Mohammad Khan Junejo (b. 1932 - d. 1993)
9 Jun 1988 - 17 Aug 1988 Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq (s.a.)
2 Dec 1988 - 6 Aug 1990 Benazir Bhutto (f) (1st time) (b. 1953 - d. 2007)
6 Aug 1990 - 6 Nov 1990 Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi (interim) (b. 1931 - d. 2009)
6 Nov 1990 - 18 Apr 1993 Nawaz Sharif (1st time) (b. 1949)
18 Apr 1993 - 26 May 1993 Balakh Sher Mazari (interim) (b. 1928 - d. 2022)
26 May 1993 - 18 Jul 1993 Nawaz Sharif (2nd time) (s.a.)
18 Jul 1993 - 19 Oct 1993 Moeen Qureshi (interim) (b. 1930 - d. 2016)
19 Oct 1993 - 5 Nov 1996 Benazir Bhutto (f) (2nd time) (s.a.)
5 Nov 1996 - 17 Feb 1997 Miraj Khalid (interim) (b. 1916 - d. 2003)
17 Feb 1997 - 12 Oct 1999 Nawaz Sharif (3rd time) (s.a.)
14 Oct 1999 - 23 Nov 2002 Pervez Musharraf (s.a.)
(chief executive)
23 Nov 2002 - 30 Jun 2004 Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali (b. 1944 - d. 2020)
30 Jun 2004 - 28 Aug 2004 Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain (b. 1946)
28 Aug 2004 - 16 Nov 2007 Shaukat Aziz (b. 1949)
16 Nov 2007 - 25 Mar 2008 Mohammadmian Soomro (interim) (s.a.)
25 Mar 2008 - 19 Jun 2012 Yousaf Raza Gilani (b. 1952)
22 Jun 2012 - 25 Mar 2013 Raja Pervez Ashraf (b. 1950)
25 Mar 2013 - 5 Jun 2013 Mir Hazar Khan Khoso (interim) (b. 1929 - d. 2021)
5 Jun 2013 - 28 Jul 2017 Nawaz Sharif (4th time) (s.a.)
1 Aug 2017 - 1 Jun 2018 Shahid Khaqan Abbasi (b. 1958)
1 Jun 2018 - 18 Aug 2018 Nasir-ul-Mulk (interim) (b. 1950)
18 Aug 2018 - 11 Apr 2022 Imran Khan (b. 1952)
11 Apr 2022 - 14 Aug 2023 Shahbaz Sharif (1st time) (b. 1951)
14 Aug 2023 - 4 Mar 2024 Anwarul Haq Kakar (interim) (b. 1971)
4 Mar 2024 - Shahbaz Sharif (2nd time) (s.a.)
1899 part of German New Guinea (see under Papua New Guinea)
1914 Japanese occupation
17 Dec 1920 League of Nations mandate
(see under Micronesia, Federated States of)
1944 U.S. occupation
18 Jul 1947 part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
(see under Micronesia, Federated States of)
1 Jan 1981 Republic of Palau
10 Jul 1987 trust territory effectively dissolved; Palau remains trusteeship
under the administrative responsibility of the U.S. Interior Department
1 Oct 1994 independence
Resident representative (of the U.S. Interior Department)
16 Dec 1990 - 1 Oct 1994 J. Victor Hobson, Jr.
Presidents
1 Jan 1981 - 30 Jun 1985 Haruo I. Remeliik (b. 1933 - d. 1985)
30 Jun 1985 - 2 Jul 1985 Thomas Remengesau (1st time) (b. 1929 - d. 2019)
(acting)
2 Jul 1985 - 6 Sep 1985 Alfonso Oiterong (b. 1924 - d. 1994)
6 Sep 1985 - 20 Aug 1988 Lazarus Salii (b. 1936 - d. 1988)
20 Aug 1988 - 31 Dec 1988 Thomas Remengesau (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1989 - 31 Dec 1992 Ngiratkel Etpison (b. 1925 - d. 1997)
1 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec 2000 Kuniwo Nakamura (b. 1943 - d. 2020)
1 Jan 2001 - 15 Jan 2009 Tommy Remengesau (1st time) (b. 1956)
15 Jan 2009 - 17 Jan 2013 Johnson Toribiong (b. 1946)
17 Jan 2013 - 21 Jan 2021 Tommy Remengesau (2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Jan 2021 - Surangel Whipps, Jr. (b. 1968)
Chiefs (title Ibedul)
- Idid dynasty -
*1783 - Sep 1791 Ngiraidid Chorot "mlad er a burek" (b. 17... - d. 1791)
[not the first Ibedul]
1791 - ... Kingsos
... - ... Ngiratachadong
... - ... Meang Merikl "meringel a kemedil"
... - 12 Apr 1867 Ngirachosarech "mlad er a soldau" (b. ... - d. 1867)
1867 - 1872 Meresou
1872 - 18.. Ngirchokebai
*1883 - c.1900 Ilengelekei
... - 1911 ...
1911 - 1917 Louch Semelemoch (b. ... - d. 1917)
1917 - 29 Jan 1939 Tem
1939 - 19.. Ngiraked
*1950 - 1956 Mariur (b. ... - d. 1956)
1956 - 25 Sep 1972 Ngoriakl (b. 1917? - d. 1972)
1972 - 4 Nov 2021 Yutaka Gibbons (b. 1944 - d. 2021)
1972 - 1973 Takeo Yano (acting for Gibbons)
1973 Gloria Gibbons (f) (b. 1950)
(acting for Gibbons)
22 Feb 2022 - Alexander Merep
Chiefs (title Reklai)
- Udes dynasty -
17.. - ... Tangesechel
... - ... Orakiruu
... - ... Omekerall
... - ... Busechesuch
18.. - 18.. Cheltuk
18.. - 1862 Okerangel (b. ... - d. 1862)
*1880 - 1890* Temol
... - ... Ngirachermang
... - ... Soilokel
... - ... Ngiratrang
... - 1914 Ruluked = Rrull
1914 - 1934 Tellei
1934 - 1960* Rekewis Brel
1968 - 1974 Ngiratelbadel Lomisang (b. 18... - d. 197...)
1974 - 1983 Eusevio Nguakl Termeteet (acting) (b. 1916 - d. 1989)
1983 - 1992 Siangeldeb Basilius (b. 1918 - d. 1992)
17 Nov 1993 - Raphael Bao Ngirmang (b. 1932)
1949 following establishment of Israel in most of historic
Palestine and subsequent Arab-Israeli war, the remaining
territory is taken over by Jordan (which annexes the West Bank
24 Apr 1950) and Egypt (which administers the Gaza Strip)
2 Nov 1956 - 7 Mar 1957 Gaza Strip occupied by Israel
Jun 1967 West Bank and Gaza Strip seized by Israel
31 Jul 1988 Jordan abandons claims to West Bank
15 Nov 1988 Palestine Liberation Organization proclaims State of Palestine
(remains ineffective but receives wide diplomatic recognition,
including UN observer state status 29 Nov 2012)
4 May 1994 Palestinian Authority created to administer most of Gaza
Strip and parts of West Bank (Jericho area handed over 13
May 1994, Gaza Strip 18 May 1994, Jenin 13 Nov 1995,
Tulkarem 10 Dec 1995, Nablus 11 Dec 1995, Qalqilya 16 Dec
1995, Bethlehem 21 Dec 1995, Ramallah 27 Dec 1995, 80% of
Hebron 17 Jan 1997)
3 Jan 2013 Palestinian Authority renamed State of Palestine (not
recognized by Israel)
Coordinators of Government Activities in the Territories (Israeli military administrators)
Aug 1967 - Apr 1974 Shlomo Gazit (b. 1926 - d. 2020)
Apr 1974 - Feb 1976 Rafael Vardi (b. 1922 - d. 2016)
Feb 1976 - Feb 1979 Avraham Orly (b. 1930? - d. 1981)
Feb 1979 - Jan 1982 Danny Matt (b. 1927 - d. 2013)
Jan 1982 - Aug 1983 Rehavia Vardi (b. ... - d. 2006)
Aug 1983 - Apr 1984 Binyamin Ben-Eliezer (b. 1936 - d. 2016)
Apr 1984 - Feb 1991 Shmuel Goren
Feb 1991 - Feb 1995 Danny Rothschild
Feb 1995 - Feb 1997 Oren Shachor (b. 1946 - d. 2022)
Feb 1997 - Jul 2001 Yaakov Or (b. 1946)
Jul 2001 - Jul 2003 Amos Gilad (1st time) (b. 1951)
Jul 2003 - Sep 2008 Yosef Mishlav (b. 1952)
Sep 2008 - 6 Dec 2009 Amos Gilad (2nd time) (s.a.)
6 Dec 2009 - Feb 2014 Eitan Dangot
Feb 2014 - 1 May 2018 Yoav Mordechai (b. 1964)
1 May 2018 - 6 Apr 2021 Kamil Abu Rokon (b. 1959?)
6 Apr 2021 - Ghasan Alyan (b. 1972)
Presidents
5 Jul 1994 - 11 Nov 2004 Yasir Arafat (b. 1929 - d. 2004)
(Israeli detainee in Ramallah 29 Mar - 1 May 2002)
29 Oct 2004 - 11 Nov 2004 Ahmed Qureia (acting for Arafat) (b. 1937 - d. 2023)
11 Nov 2004 - 15 Jan 2005 Rauhi Fattouh (acting) (b. 1953)
15 Jan 2005 - Mahmoud Abbas (b. 1935)
Prime ministers
30 Apr 2003 - 7 Oct 2003 Mahmoud Abbas (s.a.)
7 Oct 2003 - 15 Dec 2005 Ahmed Qureia (1st time) (s.a.)
15 Dec 2005 - 24 Dec 2005 Nabil Shaath (acting) (b. 1938)
24 Dec 2005 - 29 Mar 2006 Ahmed Qureia (2nd time) (s.a.)
29 Mar 2006 - 14 Jun 2007 Ismail Haniya (b. 1963 - d. 2024)
(continues in rebellion in Gaza Strip to 2 Jun 2014)
17 Jun 2007 - 6 Jun 2013 Salam Fayyad (b. 1952)
6 Jun 2013 - 13 Apr 2019 Rami Hamdallah (b. 1958)
13 Apr 2019 - 31 Mar 2024 Mohammad Shtayyeh (b. 1958)
31 Mar 2024 - Mohammad Mustafa (b. 1954)
Presidents
2 Apr 1989 - 11 Nov 2004 Yasir Arafat (s.a.)
8 May 2005 - Mahmoud Abbas (s.a.)
(acting to 23 Nov 2008)
18 Nov 1840 State of Panama (secession from Colombia)
20 Mar 1841 State of the Isthmus
31 Dec 1841 reincorporation into Colombia
(see also Colombian states 1855-86)
3 Nov 1903 independence (Republic of Panama)
De facto rulers
11 Oct 1968 - 31 Jul 1981 Omar Torrijos Herrera (b. 1929 - d. 1981)
(commander National Guard)
3 Mar 1982 - 12 Aug 1983 Rubén Darío Paredes (b. 1933)
(commander National Guard)
12 Aug 1983 - 20 Dec 1989 Manuel Noriega (b. 1936 - d. 2017)
(commander National Guard [from 29 Sep 1983
Panama Defense Forces])
Superior Civil Chief
18 Nov 1840 - 20 Mar 1841 Tomás de Herrera (b. 1804 - d. 1854)
Superior Chief of State
20 Mar 1841 - 8 Jun 1841 Tomás de Herrera (s.a.)
President
8 Jun 1841 - 31 Dec 1841 Tomás de Herrera (s.a.)
President of the Municipal Council of the District of Panama
3 Nov 1903 - 4 Nov 1903 Demetrio H. Brid (b. 1859 - d. 1917)
Chairman of the Provisional Government Junta
4 Nov 1903 - 20 Feb 1904 José Agustín Arango (b. 1841 - d. 1909)
Presidents
20 Feb 1904 - 1 Oct 1908 Manuel Amador Guerrero (b. 1833 - d. 1909)
1 Oct 1908 - 1 Mar 1910 José Domingo de Obaldía (b. 1845 - d. 1910)
1 Mar 1910 - 1 Oct 1910 Carlos Antonio Mendoza (acting) (b. 1856 - d. 1916)
1 Oct 1910 - 5 Oct 1910 Federico Boyd (acting) (b. 1851 - d. 1924)
5 Oct 1910 - 1 Oct 1912 Pablo Arosemena Alba (acting) (b. 1836 - d. 1920)
1 Oct 1912 - 1 Oct 1916 Belisario Porras Barahona
(1st time) (b. 1856 - d. 1942)
1 Oct 1916 - 3 Jun 1918 Ramón Maximiliano Valdés (b. 1867 - d. 1918)
3 Jun 1918 - 1 Oct 1918 Ciro Luis Urriola (acting) (b. 1863 - d. 1922)
1 Oct 1918 - 12 Oct 1918 Pedro Antonio Díaz (acting) (b. 1854 - d. 1919)
12 Oct 1918 - 30 Jan 1920 Belisario Porras Barahona
(2nd time) (s.a.)
30 Jan 1920 - 1 Oct 1920 Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre (acting) (b. 1876 - d. 1922)
1 Oct 1920 - 1 Oct 1924 Belisario Porras Barahona
(3rd time) (s.a.)
1 Oct 1924 - 1 Oct 1928 Rodolfo Chiari (b. 1869 - d. 1937)
1 Oct 1928 - 3 Jan 1931 Florencio Harmodio Arosemena (b. 1872 - d. 1945)
16 Jan 1931 - 5 Jun 1932 Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované (b. 1882 - d. 1971)
(acting)
5 Jun 1932 - 1 Oct 1936 Harmodio Arias Madrid (b. 1886 - d. 1962)
1 Oct 1936 - 16 Dec 1939 Juan Demóstenes Arosemena (b. 1879 - d. 1939)
16 Dec 1939 - 18 Dec 1939 Ezequiel Fernández Jaén (acting) (b. 1886 - d. 1946)
18 Dec 1939 - 1 Oct 1940 Augusto Samuel Boyd (acting) (b. 1879 - d. 1957)
1 Oct 1940 - 9 Oct 1941 Arnulfo Arias Madrid (1st time) (b. 1901 - d. 1988)
9 Oct 1941 (hours) Ernesto Jaén Guardia (acting) (b. 1895 - d. 1961)
9 Oct 1941 - 15 Jun 1945 Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia
Arango (acting to 21 Oct 1941) (b. 1899 - d. 1969)
15 Feb 1945 - 15 Jun 1945 Jeptha B. Duncan (b. 1885 - d. 1977)
(acting, in rebellion)
15 Jun 1945 - 1 Oct 1948 Enrique Adolfo Jiménez (b. 1888 - d. 1970)
(provisional)
12 Jul 1948 - 13 Jul 1948 Henrique de Obarrio (b. 1898 - d. 1978)
(in rebellion)
1 Oct 1948 - 28 Jul 1949 Domingo Díaz Arosemena (b. 1875 - d. 1949)
28 Jul 1949 - 20 Nov 1949 Daniel Chanis Pinzón (b. 1891 - d. 1961)
20 Nov 1949 - 24 Nov 1949 Roberto F. Chiari (1st time) (b. 1905 - d. 1981)
24 Nov 1949 - 9 May 1951 Arnulfo Arias Madrid (2nd time) (s.a.)
9 May 1951 - 1 Oct 1952 Alcibíades Arosemena (b. 1883 - d. 1958)
1 Oct 1952 - 2 Jan 1955 José Antonio Remón Cantera (b. 1908 - d. 1955)
2 Jan 1955 - 29 Mar 1955 José Ramón Guizado Valdés (b. 1899 - d. 1964)
15 Jan 1955 - 1 Oct 1956 Ricardo Arias Espinosa (b. 1912 - d. 1993)
(acting for impeached Guizado to 29 Mar 1955)
1 Oct 1956 - 1 Oct 1960 Ernesto de la Guardia Navarro (b. 1904 - d. 1983)
1 Oct 1960 - 1 Oct 1964 Roberto F. Chiari (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Oct 1964 - 1 Oct 1968 Marco Aurelio Robles Méndez (b. 1905 - d. 1990)
24 Mar 1968 - 5 Apr 1968 Max Delvalle (in rebellion) (b. 1911 - d. 1979)
1 Oct 1968 - 11 Oct 1968 Arnulfo Arias Madrid (3rd time) (s.a.)
12 Oct 1968 - 13 Oct 1968 Military junta
- José M. Pinilla (b. 1915 - d. 1979)
- Bolívar Urrutia (b. 1918 - d. 2005)
13 Oct 1968 - 18 Dec 1969 José M. Pinilla (s.a.)
(chairman Provisional Junta)
19 Dec 1969 - 11 Oct 1978 Demetrio Lakas Bahas (b. 1925 - d. 1999)
(chairman Provisional Junta to 11 Oct 1972)
11 Oct 1978 - 31 Jul 1982 Aristides Royo (b. 1940)
31 Jul 1982 - 13 Feb 1984 Ricardo de la Espriella (b. 1934)
13 Feb 1984 - 11 Oct 1984 Jorge Illueca (b. 1918 - d. 2012)
11 Oct 1984 - 28 Sep 1985 Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino (b. 1938)
28 Sep 1985 - 26 Feb 1988 Eric Arturo Delvalle (b. 1937 - d. 2015)
(continues in rebellion to 1 Sep 1989
[from Jan 1989 in Miami exile])
26 Feb 1988 - 1 Sep 1989 Manuel Solís Palma (acting) (b. 1917 - d. 2009)
1 Sep 1989 - 20 Dec 1989 Francisco Rodríguez (provisional) (b. 1938)
20 Dec 1989 - 1 Sep 1994 Guillermo Endara (b. 1936 - d. 2009)
1 Sep 1994 - 1 Sep 1999 Ernesto Pérez Balladares (b. 1946)
1 Sep 1999 - 1 Sep 2004 Mireya Moscoso (f) (b. 1946)
1 Sep 2004 - 1 Jul 2009 Martín Torrijos (b. 1963)
1 Jul 2009 - 1 Jul 2014 Ricardo Martinelli (b. 1952)
1 Jul 2014 - 1 Jul 2019 Juan Carlos Varela (b. 1963)
1 Jul 2019 - 1 Jul 2024 Laurentino Cortizo (b. 1953)
1 Jul 2024 - José Raúl Mulino (b. 1959)
Chiefs of Government
11 Oct 1972 - 11 Oct 1978 Omar Torrijos Herrera (s.a.)
(formally Supreme Leader of the Panamanian Revolution)
15 Dec 1989 - 20 Dec 1989 Manuel Noriega (s.a.)
18 Nov 1903 administered by U.S. War (later Defense) Department
30 Sep 1979 U.S. cedes Canal Zone to Panama
Governors
14 May 1904 - 24 May 1905 George W. Davis (b. 1839 - d. 1913)
25 May 1905 - 12 Oct 1906 Charles E. Magoon (b. 1861 - d. 1920)
19 Nov 1906 - 31 Mar 1907 Richard R. Rogers (b. 1868 - d. 1949)
1 Apr 1907 - 31 Mar 1914 George Washington Goethals (b. 1858 - d. 1928)
(chairman Isthmian Canal Commission)
1 Apr 1907 - 4 Dec 1909 Joseph C.S. Blackburn (b. 1838 - d. 1918)
13 May 1910 - 8 Aug 1913 Maurice H. Thatcher (b. 1870 - d. 1973)
9 Aug 1913 - 31 Mar 1914 Richard L. Metcalfe (b. 1861 - d. 1954)
1 Apr 1914 - 10 Jan 1917 George Washington Goethals (s.a.)
11 Jan 1917 - 27 Mar 1921 Chester Harding (b. 1866 - d. 1936)
28 Mar 1921 - 15 Oct 1924 Jay J. Morrow (b. 1870 - d. 1937)
16 Oct 1924 - 15 Oct 1928 Meriwether L. Walker (b. 1869 - d. 1947)
16 Oct 1928 - 20 Oct 1932 Harry Burgess (b. 1872 - d. 1933)
21 Oct 1932 - 26 Aug 1936 Julian L. Schley (b. 1880 - d. 1965)
27 Aug 1936 - 10 Jul 1940 Clarence S. Ridley (b. 1883 - d. 1969)
11 Jul 1940 - 15 May 1944 Glen E. Edgerton (b. 1887 - d. 1976)
16 May 1944 - 19 May 1948 Joseph C. Mehaffey (b. 1889 - d. 1963)
20 May 1948 - 26 May 1952 Francis K. Newcomer (b. 1889 - d. 1967)
27 May 1952 - 27 May 1956 John S. Seybold (b. 1897 - d. 1984)
28 May 1956 - 30 Jun 1960 William E. Potter (b. 1905 - d. 1988)
1 Jul 1960 - 31 Jan 1962 William A. Carter (b. 1907 - d. 1996)
1 Feb 1962 - 31 Jan 1967 Robert J. Fleming (b. 1907 - d. 1984)
21 Feb 1967 - 2 Mar 1971 Walter P. Leber (b. 1918 - d. 2009)
3 Mar 1971 - 25 Mar 1975 David S. Parker (b. 1919 - d. 1990)
26 Mar 1975 - 30 Sep 1979 Harold R. Parfitt (b. 1921 - d. 2006)
3 Nov 1884 Germany proclaims protectorate over northeastern New Guinea
6 Nov 1884 Britain proclaims protectorate over southeastern New Guinea
1 Sep 1906 British New Guinea passed to Australia as Territory of
Papua
Nov 1914 Australian occupation of German New Guinea
17 Dec 1920 German New Guinea becomes League of Nations mandate
21 Jan 1942 - 1944 Japanese occupation of New Guinea and part of Papua
1945 Territory of Papua and New Guinea
1 Jul 1971 Territory of Papua New Guinea
16 Sep 1975 independence (Independent State of Papua New Guinea)
Commissioner
1885 - Jan 1887 Gustav von Oertzen (b. 1836 - d. 1911)
Landeshauptleute (of the New Guinea Company)
10 Jun 1886 - 1 Mar 1888 Georg Freiherr von Schleinitz (b. 1834 - d. 1910)
1 Mar 1888 - 31 Oct 1889 Reinhold Kraetke (b. 1845 - d. 1934)
Commissioner
1 Nov 1889 - 31 Aug 1892 Fritz Rose (acting to 30 Sep 1890) (b. 1855 - d. 1922)
Landeshauptleute (of the New Guinea Company)
1 Sep 1892 - 3 Mar 1895 Georg Schmiele (b. 1855 - d. 1895)
3 Mar 1895 - 17 Aug 1896 Hugo Rüdiger
22 Sep 1896 - 13 Aug 1897 Curt von Hagen (b. 1859 - d. 1897)
15 Aug 1897 - 11 Sep 1897 Albert Hahl (acting) (b. 1868 - d. 1945)
11 Sep 1897 - 31 Mar 1899 Hugo Skopnik
Governors
1 Apr 1899 - 10 Jul 1901 Rudolf von Bennigsen (b. 1860 - d. 1912)
10 Jul 1901 - 13 Apr 1914 Albert Hahl (s.a.)
(acting to 10 Nov 1902)
13 Apr 1914 - 17 Oct 1914 Eduard Haber (acting) (b. 1866 - d. 1947)
Administrators
Oct 1914 - 8 Jan 1915 William Holmes (b. 1862 - d. 1917)
8 Jan 1915 - 21 Oct 1917 Samuel Augustus Pethebridge (from
24 Jan 1917, Sir Samuel Augustus
Pethebridge) (b. 1862 - d. 1918)
21 Oct 1917 - 21 Apr 1918 Seaforth Simpson Mackenzie (b. 1883 - d. 1955)
(acting)
21 Apr 1918 - 1 May 1920 George Jameson Johnston (b. 1869 - d. 1949)
1 May 1920 - 21 Mar 1921 Thomas Griffiths (1st time) (b. 1865 - d. 1947)
21 Mar 1921 - 13 Jun 1933 Evan Alexander Wisdom (b. 1869 - d. 1945)
11 Jul 1932 - 12 Sep 1934 Thomas Griffiths (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting [for Wisdom to 13 Jun 1933])
12 Sep 1934 - Dec 1942 Walter Ramsay McNicoll (from 14
Dec 1937, Sir Walter Ramsay
McNicoll) (b. 1877 - d. 1947)
Special commissioners
Nov 1884 - 2 Dec 1885 Peter Henry Scratchley (from 6 Jun
1885, Sir Peter Henry Scratchley) (b. 1835 - d. 1885)
Dec 1885 - Feb 1886 Hugh Hastings Romilly (acting) (b. 1856 - d. 1892)
Feb 1886 - 4 Sep 1888 John Douglas (b. 1828 - d. 1904)
Administrator
4 Sep 1888 - 5 Jun 1895 William MacGregor (from 24 May
1889, Sir William MacGregor) (b. 1846 - d. 1919)
Lieutenant governors
6 Jun 1895 - Sep 1898 Sir William MacGregor (s.a.)
1 Nov 1898 - 21 Mar 1899 Francis Winter (acting) (b. 1848 - d. 1919)
22 Mar 1899 - Jun 1903 George Ruthven Le Hunte (b. 1852 - d. 1925)
9 Jun 1903 - 16 Jun 1904 Christopher Stansfield Robinson (b. 1871 - d. 1904)
(acting)
Administrators
16 Jun 1904 - Apr 1907 Francis Rickman Barton (b. 1865 - d. 1947)
9 Apr 1907 - 17 Jan 1909 Hubert Murray (acting) (b. 1861 - d. 1940)
Lieutenant governors
18 Jan 1909 - 27 Feb 1940 Hubert Murray (from 1 Jan 1925,
Sir Hubert Murray) (s.a.)
28 Feb 1940 - Dec 1940 Herbert William Champion (acting) (b. 1880 - d. 1972)
Administrators
16 Dec 1940 - 12 Feb 1942 Hubert Leonard Murray (b. 1886 - d. 1963)
12 Feb 1942 - Oct 1945 Basil Moorhouse Morris (b. 1888 - d. 1975)
(military administrator)
Administrators
31 Oct 1945 - Jun 1952 Keith Murray (b. 1889 - d. 1979)
Jul 1952 - Dec 1966 Donald Cleland (from 10 Jun 1961,
Sir Donald Cleland) (b. 1901 - d. 1975)
9 Jan 1967 - 1970 David Osborne Hay (b. 1916 - d. 2009)
1970 - 1 Dec 1973 Leslie Wilson Johnson (b. 1916 - d. 2000)
High commissioners
1 Dec 1973 - Mar 1974 Leslie Wilson Johnson (s.a.)
Mar 1974 - 16 Sep 1975 Thomas Kingston Critchley (b. 1916 - d. 2009)
Governors-general (representing the British monarch as head of state)
16 Sep 1975 - 1 Mar 1977 Sir John Guise (b. 1914 - d. 1991)
1 Mar 1977 - 1 Mar 1983 Sir Tore Lokoloko (b. 1930 - d. 2013)
1 Mar 1983 - 1 Mar 1989 Sir Kingsford Dibela (b. 1932 - d. 2002)
1 Mar 1989 - 31 Dec 1989 Ignatius Kilage (from 3 Mar 1989,
Sir Ignatius Kilage) (b. 1943 - d. 1989)
31 Dec 1989 - 27 Feb 1990 Dennis Young (1st time) (acting) (b. 1938 - d. 2008)
27 Feb 1990 - 4 Oct 1991 Sir Serei Eri (b. 1936 - d. 1993)
4 Oct 1991 - 18 Nov 1991 Dennis Young (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
18 Nov 1991 - 20 Nov 1997 Wiwa Korowi (from 10 Dec 1991,
Sir Wiwa Korowi) (b. 1948)
20 Nov 1997 - 20 Nov 2003 Silas Atopare (from 29 Jan 1998,
Sir Silas Atopare) (b. 1951 - d. 2021)
21 Nov 2003 - 28 May 2004 Bill Skate (acting) (b. 1953 - d. 2006)
28 May 2004 - 29 Jun 2004 Jeffery Nape (1st time) (acting) (b. 1964 - d. 2016)
29 Jun 2004 - 13 Dec 2010 Sir Paulias Matane (b. 1931 - d. 2021)
13 Dec 2010 - 20 Dec 2010 Jeffery Nape (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
20 Dec 2010 - 18 Feb 2017 Michael Ogio (from 6 May 2011,
Sir Michael Ogio) (b. 1942 - d. 2017)
(acting to 25 Feb 2011)
18 Feb 2017 - 28 Feb 2017 Theodore Zurenuoc (acting) (b. 1965)
28 Feb 2017 - 28 Feb 2023 Bob Dadae (from 5 May 2017, Sir
Bob Dadae) (1st time) (b. 1961)
28 Feb 2023 - 15 Mar 2023 Job Pomat (acting) (b. 1960)
15 Mar 2023 - Sir Bob Dadae (2nd time) (s.a.)
Chief minister
27 Apr 1972 - 16 Sep 1975 Michael Somare (b. 1936 - d. 2021)
Prime ministers
16 Sep 1975 - 11 Mar 1980 Michael Somare (1st time) (s.a.)
11 Mar 1980 - 2 Aug 1982 Sir Julius Chan (1st time) (b. 1939)
2 Aug 1982 - 21 Nov 1985 Michael Somare (2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Nov 1985 - 4 Jul 1988 Paias Wingti (1st time) (b. 1951)
4 Jul 1988 - 17 Jul 1992 Rabbie Namaliu (b. 1947 - d. 2023)
17 Jul 1992 - 30 Aug 1994 Paias Wingti (2nd time) (s.a.)
30 Aug 1994 - 22 Jul 1997 Sir Julius Chan (2nd time) (s.a.)
27 Mar 1997 - 2 Jun 1997 John Giheno (acting for Chan) (b. 1950 - d. 2017)
22 Jul 1997 - 14 Jul 1999 Bill Skate (s.a.)
14 Jul 1999 - 5 Aug 2002 Sir Mekere Morauta (b. 1946 - d. 2020)
5 Aug 2002 - 2 Aug 2011 Sir Michael Somare (3rd time) (s.a.)
13 Dec 2010 - 17 Jan 2011 Sam Abal (1st time) (b. 1958)
(acting for Somare)
4 Apr 2011 - 2 Aug 2011 Sam Abal (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting for Somare)
2 Aug 2011 - 30 May 2019 Peter O'Neill (b. 1965)
14 Dec 2011 - 3 Aug 2012 Sir Michael Somare (4th time) (s.a.)
(in opposition)
30 May 2019 - James Marape (b. 1971)
1 Sep 1975 secession as Republic of the North Solomons
(not recognized)
9 Aug 1976 autonomous province (North Solomons)
Apr 1995 Bougainville Transitional Government established
1 Jan 1999 replaced by Bougainville Reconciliation Government
Apr 1999 renamed Bougainville People's Congress
15 Jun 2005 Bougainville Autonomous Government established
President
1 Sep 1975 - 1976 Alexis Sarei (b. 1934 - d. 2014)
Premiers
Aug 1976 - 1980 Alexis Sarei (1st time) (s.a.)
1980 - 1984 Leo Hannett (b. 1941 - d. 2018)
1984 - 1987 Alexis Sarei (2nd time) (s.a.)
1987 - 29 Aug 1990 Joseph Kabui (b. 1954 - d. 2008)
Administrator
Aug 1990 - Apr 1995 Sam Tulo (b. 1946 - d. 2013)
Premiers
Apr 1995 - 12 Oct 1996 Theodore Miriung (b. 1945 - d. 1996)
18 Nov 1996 - 31 Dec 1998 Gerard Sinato (b. 19... - d. 2019)
Co-chairmen of the Bougainville Constituent Assembly
15 Jan 1999 - 27 May 1999 Gerard Sinato (s.a.)
+ Joseph Kabui (s.a.)
President
27 May 1999 - 9 Dec 1999 Joseph Kabui (s.a.)
Governors
9 Dec 1999 - 20 Apr 2005 John Momis (b. 1942)
20 Apr 2005 - 15 Jun 2005 Gerard Sinato (acting) (s.a.)
Presidents
15 Jun 2005 - 7 Jun 2008 Joseph Kabui (s.a.)
7 Jun 2008 - 6 Jan 2009 John Tabinaman (acting) (b. 1951? - d. 2021)
6 Jan 2009 - 10 Jun 2010 James Tanis (b. 1965?)
10 Jun 2010 - 25 Sep 2020 John Momis (s.a.)
Jun 2019 - Aug 2019 Raymond Masono (b. 19... - d. 2021)
(acting for Momis)
25 Sep 2020 - Ishmael Toroama (b. 1968)
12 Oct 1813 independence (Republic of Paraguay)
Consuls of the Republic in power (2 consuls alternating in power every 4 months)
12 Oct 1813 - 12 Feb 1814 José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
(1st time) (b. 1766 - d. 1840)
12 Feb 1814 - 12 Jun 1814 Fulgencio Yegros (b. 1780 - d. 1821)
12 Jun 1814 - 3 Oct 1814 José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Supreme Dictator
3 Oct 1814 - 20 Sep 1840 José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia (s.a.)
(from 6 Jun 1816 styled Perpetual Supreme Dictator)
Presidents of the Provisional Junta
20 Sep 1840 - 22 Jan 1841 Manuel Antonio Ortiz
22 Jan 1841 - 9 Feb 1841 Juan José Medina
9 Feb 1841 - 14 Mar 1841 Mariano Roque Alonzo (b. ... - d. 1853)
(Commandant-General)
Consuls of the Republic
14 Mar 1841 - 13 Mar 1844 Carlos Antonio López (b. 1792 - d. 1862)
+ Mariano Roque Alonzo (s.a.)
(ruling jointly, but occasionally styled First Consul,
Second Consul)
Presidents
14 Mar 1844 - 10 Sep 1862 Carlos Antonio López (s.a.)
10 Sep 1862 - 15 Aug 1869 Francisco Solano López (b. 1827 - d. 1870)
(acting to 16 Oct 1862; continues after deposition to
1 Mar 1870)
15 Aug 1869 - 31 Aug 1870 Cirilo Antonio Rivarola (1st time) (b. 1836 - d. 1879)
(President of Provisional Government)
31 Aug 1870 - 1 Sep 1870 Facundo Machaín (provisional) (b. 1847 - d. 1877)
1 Sep 1870 - 18 Dec 1871 Cirilo Antonio Rivarola (2nd time) (s.a.)
(provisional to 25 Nov 1870)
18 Dec 1871 - 25 Nov 1874 Salvador Jovellanos (acting) (b. 1833 - d. 1881)
25 Nov 1874 - 12 Apr 1877 Juan Bautista Gill (b. 1840 - d. 1877)
12 Apr 1877 - 25 Nov 1878 Higinio Uriarte (b. 1843 - d. 1909)
25 Nov 1878 - 4 Sep 1880 Cándido Bareiro (b. 1833 - d. 1880)
4 Sep 1880 - 25 Nov 1886 Bernardino Caballero (b. 1839 - d. 1912)
(provisional to 25 Nov 1882)
25 Nov 1886 - 25 Nov 1890 Patricio Escobar (b. 1843 - d. 1912)
25 Nov 1890 - 9 Jun 1894 Juan Gualberto González (b. 1851 - d. 1912)
9 Jun 1894 - 25 Nov 1894 Marcos A. Morínigo (acting) (b. 1848 - d. 1901)
25 Nov 1894 - 25 Nov 1898 Juan Bautista Egusquiza (b. 1845 - d. 1902)
25 Nov 1898 - 9 Jan 1902 Emilio Aceval (b. 1853 - d. 1931)
9 Jan 1902 - 25 Nov 1902 Andrés Héctor Carvallo (acting) (b. 1862 - d. 1934)
25 Nov 1902 - 19 Dec 1904 Juan Antonio Escurra (b. 1859 - d. 1929)
19 Dec 1904 - 9 Dec 1905 Juan Bautista Gaona (provisional) (b. 1845 - d. 1932)
9 Dec 1905 - 25 Nov 1906 Cecilio Báez (provisional) (b. 1862 - d. 1941)
25 Nov 1906 - 4 Jul 1908 Benigno Ferreira (b. 1846 - d. 1920)
4 Jul 1908 - 25 Nov 1910 Emiliano González Navero
(1st time) (acting) (b. 1861 - d. 1934)
25 Nov 1910 - 17 Jan 1911 Manuel Gondra (1st time) (b. 1871 - d. 1927)
17 Jan 1911 - 5 Jul 1911 Albino Jara (provisional) (b. 1877 - d. 1912)
5 Jul 1911 - 28 Feb 1912 Liberato Marcial Rojas (b. 1870 - d. 1922)
(provisional)
15 Jan 1912 - 17 Jan 1912 Triumvirate (in dissidence)
- Alfredo Aponte (b. 1874 - d. 19...)
- Marcos Caballero Codas
- Mario Usher (b. 1884 - d. 1931)
28 Feb 1912 - 22 Mar 1912 Pedro Pablo Peña (provisional) (b. 1864 - d. 1943)
22 Mar 1912 - 15 Aug 1912 Emiliano González Navero
(2nd time) (provisional) (s.a.)
15 Aug 1912 - 15 Aug 1916 Eduardo Schaerer (b. 1873 - d. 1941)
15 Aug 1916 - 5 Jun 1919 Manuel Franco (b. 1871 - d. 1919)
5 Jun 1919 - 15 Aug 1920 José Pedro Montero (acting) (b. 1878 - d. 1927)
15 Aug 1920 - 7 Nov 1921 Manuel Gondra (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 Nov 1921 - 12 Apr 1923 Eusebio Ayala (1st time) (b. 1875 - d. 1942)
(provisional)
12 Apr 1923 - 17 Mar 1924 Eligio Ayala (1st time) (b. 1879 - d. 1930)
(provisional)
17 Mar 1924 - 15 Aug 1924 Luis Alberto Riart (provisional) (b. 1880 - d. 1953)
15 Aug 1924 - 15 Aug 1928 Eligio Ayala (2nd time) (s.a.)
15 Aug 1928 - 15 Aug 1932 José Patricio Guggiari (b. 1884 - d. 1957)
25 Oct 1931 - 28 Jan 1932 Emiliano González Navero
(3rd time) (acting for Guggiari) (s.a.)
15 Aug 1932 - 17 Feb 1936 Eusebio Ayala (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Feb 1936 - 20 Feb 1936 Federico Wenman Smith (b. 1902 - d. 1985)
(Commander-in-Chief)
20 Feb 1936 - 15 Aug 1937 Rafael Franco (provisional) (b. 1896 - d. 1973)
16 Aug 1937 - 15 Aug 1939 Félix Paiva (b. 1877 - d. 1965)
(provisional to 12 Oct 1938)
15 Aug 1939 - 7 Sep 1940 José Félix Estigarribia (b. 1888 - d. 1940)
7 Sep 1940 - 8 Sep 1940 Alejandro Marín Iglesias (acting) (b. 1907 - d. 1988)
8 Sep 1940 - 3 Jun 1948 Higinio Morínigo (b. 1897 - d. 1983)
(provisional to 15 Aug 1943)
3 Jun 1948 - 15 Aug 1948 Juan Manuel Frutos (provisional) (b. 1879 - d. 1960)
15 Aug 1948 - 30 Jan 1949 Juan Natalicio González (b. 1897 - d. 1966)
30 Jan 1949 - 26 Feb 1949 Raimundo Rolón (provisional) (b. 1903 - d. 1981)
27 Feb 1949 - 11 Sep 1949 Felipe Molas López (b. 1901 - d. 1954)
(provisional to 14 May 1949)
11 Sep 1949 - 8 May 1954 Federico Chaves (b. 1882 - d. 1978)
(provisional to 15 Aug 1950)
8 May 1954 - 15 Aug 1954 Tomás Romero Pereira (provisional) (b. 1886 - d. 1982)
15 Aug 1954 - 3 Feb 1989 Alfredo Stroessner (b. 1912 - d. 2006)
3 Feb 1989 - 15 Aug 1993 Andrés Rodríguez (b. 1923 - d. 1997)
(provisional to 15 May 1989)
15 Aug 1993 - 15 Aug 1998 Juan Carlos Wasmosy (b. 1938)
15 Aug 1998 - 28 Mar 1999 Raúl Cubas Grau (b. 1943)
28 Mar 1999 - 15 Aug 2003 Luis Ángel González Macchi (b. 1947)
15 Aug 2003 - 15 Aug 2008 Nicanor Duarte Frutos (b. 1956)
15 Aug 2008 - 22 Jun 2012 Fernando Lugo (b. 1951)
22 Jun 2012 - 15 Aug 2013 Federico Franco (b. 1962)
15 Aug 2013 - 15 Aug 2018 Horacio Cartes (b. 1956)
15 Aug 2018 - 15 Aug 2023 Mario Abdo Benítez (b. 1971)
15 Aug 2023 - Santiago Peña (b. 1978)
1542 (Spanish) Viceroyalty of Peru
28 Jul 1821 independence (Peru)
3 Aug 1821 State of Peru
19 Dec 1822 Peruvian Republic (in sporadic official use also
Republic of Peru)
Viceroys
Aug 1689 - 15 Sep 1705 Melchor Portocarrero Lasso de la
Vega, conde de Monclova (b. 1636 - d. 1705)
Sep 1705 - 22 May 1707 Audiencia
22 May 1707 - 24 Apr 1710 Manuel Oms de Santa Pau Olim de
Sentamanat y Lanuza, marqués de
Castell dos Rios (b. 16... - d. 1710)
Apr 1710 - Sep 1710 Miguel Núñez de Sanabria
(president of the Audiencia)
1710 - 21 Feb 1716 Diego Ladrón de Guevara (b. 1641 - d. 1718)
21 Feb 1716 - Aug 1716 Mateo de la Mata Ponce de León
(president of the Audiencia)
Aug 1716 - 26 Jan 1720 Carmino Nicolás Caracciolo,
príncipe de Santo Buono (b. 1671 - d. 1727)
26 Jan 1720 - 14 May 1724 Diego Morcillo Rubio de Auñón (b. 1642 - d. 1730)
14 May 1724 - 4 Jan 1736 José de Armendáriz, marqués de
Castelfuerte (b. 1670 - d. 1740)
4 Jan 1736 - 12 Jul 1745 José Antonio de Mendoza Caamaño
y Sotomayor, marqués de
Villagarcía, vizconde de Barrantes (b. 1667 - d. 1746)
12 Jul 1745 - 12 Oct 1761 José Antonio Manso de Velasco,
(from 1748) conde de Superunda (b. 1688 - d. 1767)
12 Oct 1761 - 17 Jul 1776 Manuel de Amat y Junient (b. 1704 - d. 1790)
17 Jul 1776 - 21 Jul 1780 Manuel de Guirior y Portal de
Huarte y Edozain (b. 1708 - d. 1788)
21 Jul 1780 - 3 Apr 1784 Agustín de Jáuregui y Aldecoa (b. 1708 - d. 1784)
6 Apr 1784 - 25 Mar 1790 Teodoro de Croix (b. 1730 - d. 1791)
25 Mar 1790 - 6 Jun 1796 Francisco Gil de Taboada y Lemos (b. 1736 - d. 1809)
6 Jun 1796 - 1801 Ambrosio O'Higgins, marqués de
Osorno (b. 1720? - d. 1801)
1801 - 5 Nov 1801 Manuel de Arredondo y Pelegrin
(president of the Audiencia)
5 Nov 1801 - 20 Aug 1806 Gabriel de Avilés y del Fierro,
marqués de Avilés (b. 1730 - d. 1810)
20 Aug 1806 - 7 Jul 1816 José Fernando Abascal y Sousa (b. 1743 - d. 1827)
7 Jul 1816 - 29 Jan 1821 Joaquín de la Pezuela, marqués
de Viluma (b. 1761 - d. 1830)
29 Jan 1821 - Dec 1824 José de la Serna e Hinojosa (b. 1770 - d. 1832)
(acting)
Dec 1824 - 23 Jan 1826 Pío de Tristán (acting) (b. 1773 - d. 1859)
General-in-Chief
28 Jul 1821 - 3 Aug 1821 José de San Martín (b. 1778 - d. 1850)
Protector
3 Aug 1821 - 20 Sep 1822 José de San Martín (s.a.)
President of the Constituent Congress
20 Sep 1822 - 22 Sep 1822 Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro (b. 1780 - d. 1855)
President of the Supreme Governing Junta
22 Sep 1822 - 27 Feb 1823 José de La Mar (b. 1776 - d. 1830)
Interim Administrator
27 Feb 1823 - 28 Feb 1823 José Bernardo de Tagle y
Portocarrero, marqués de Torre
Tagle, marqués de Trujillo (b. 1779 - d. 1825)
Presidents
28 Feb 1823 - 23 Jun 1823 José de la Riva Agüero (b. 1783 - d. 1858)
(continues, in revolt, after deposition to 25 Nov 1823)
23 Jun 1823 - 17 Jul 1823 Antonio José de Sucre (b. 1795 - d. 1830)
(Supreme Military Chief)
17 Jul 1823 - 17 Feb 1824 José Bernardo de Tagle y
Portocarrero (s.a.)
(Supreme Chief to 16 Aug 1823)
17 Feb 1824 - 28 Jan 1827 Simón Bolívar (b. 1783 - d. 1830)
(Acting Dictator to 10 Feb 1825, Liberator to 9 Dec 1826,
then President-for-Life)
28 Jan 1827 - 9 Jun 1827 Andrés de Santa Cruz (acting) (b. 1792 - d. 1865)
9 Jun 1827 - 22 Aug 1827 Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano (b. 1777 - d. 1850)
(acting)
22 Aug 1827 - 7 Jun 1829 José de La Mar (s.a.)
7 Jun 1829 - 1 Sep 1829 Antonio Gutiérrez de La Fuente (b. 1796 - d. 1878)
(Provisional Supreme Chief)
1 Sep 1829 - 20 Dec 1833 Agustín Gamarra (1st time) (b. 1785 - d. 1841)
20 Dec 1833 - 21 Dec 1833 Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro (s.a.)
(President of National Convention)
21 Dec 1833 - 11 Aug 1836 Luis José Orbegoso (provisional) (b. 1795 - d. 1847)
4 Jan 1834 - 24 Apr 1834 Pedro Pablo Bermúdez (b. 1793 - d. 1852)
(Provisional Supreme Chief, in rebellion)
23 Feb 1835 - 7 Feb 1836 Felipe Santiago de Salaverry (b. 1806 - d. 1836)
(Supreme Chief, in rebellion)
17 Mar 1836 South-Peruvian State (also styled Republic of the South of
Peru, or South-Peruvian Republic)
23 Feb 1839 state extinguished
Supreme Protector
17 Mar 1836 - 23 Feb 1839 Andrés de Santa Cruz (s.a.)
Provisional Presidents
17 Sep 1837 - 12 Oct 1838 Ramón Herrera (b. 1799 - d. 1882)
12 Oct 1838 - 23 Feb 1839 Pío de Tristán (s.a.)
11 Aug 1836 North-Peruvian State (also styled Republic of the North of
Peru, or North-Peruvian Republic)
24 Jan 1839 state extinguished
Supreme Protector
11 Aug 1836 - 24 Jan 1839 Andrés de Santa Cruz (s.a.)
Provisional Presidents
21 Aug 1837 - 30 Jul 1838 Luis José Orbegoso (s.a.)
(declares secession of North-Peruvian Republic from the
Peru-Bolivian Confederation 30 Jul 1838 and continues as
Provisional President to 1 Sep 1838)
11 Aug 1838 - 24 Jan 1839 José de la Riva Agüero (s.a.)
25 Aug 1838 Peruvian Republic (in sporadic official use also Republic
of Peru)
28 Sep 1881 - 23 Oct 1883 Chilean occupation
28 Jul 1980 Republic of Peru
Presidents
25 Aug 1838 - 18 Nov 1841 Agustín Gamarra (2nd time) (s.a.)
(provisional to 11 Jul 1840)
18 Nov 1841 - 16 Aug 1842 Manuel Menéndez (1st time) (b. 1793 - d. 1847)
(acting)
16 Aug 1842 - 17 Oct 1842 Juan Crisóstomo Torrico (b. 1808 - d. 1875)
(Supreme Chief)
17 Oct 1842 - 15 Mar 1843 Juan Francisco de Vidal (b. 1800 - d. 1863)
(acting; in rebellion from 12 Aug 1842)
16 Mar 1843 - 20 Mar 1843 Justo Figuerola (1st time) (b. 1771 - d. 1854)
(acting)
20 Mar 1843 - 17 Jun 1844 Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco (b. 1806 - d. 1873)
(Supreme Director, in rebellion from 20 Feb 1843 and
continuing to 22 Jul 1844)
3 Sep 1843 - 17 Feb 1844 Domingo Nieto (b. 1803 - d. 1844)
(President of the Provisional Supreme Governing Junta
of the "Free Departments," in rebellion)
17 Feb 1844 - 11 Dec 1844 Ramón Castilla (b. 1797 - d. 1867)
(ditto)
17 Jun 1844 - 10 Aug 1844 Domingo Elías (b. 1805 - d. 1867)
(Political and Military Chief)
10 Aug 1844 - 11 Aug 1844 Manuel Menéndez (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
11 Aug 1844 - 7 Oct 1844 Justo Figuerola (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
7 Oct 1844 - 20 Apr 1845 Manuel Menéndez (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
20 Apr 1845 - 20 Apr 1851 Ramón Castilla (1st time) (s.a.)
20 Apr 1851 - 5 Jan 1855 José Rufino Echenique (b. 1808 - d. 1887)
5 Jan 1855 - 24 Oct 1862 Ramón Castilla (2nd time) (s.a.)
(provisional [in rebellion from 1 May 1854] to 25 Oct 1858)
29 Sep 1859 - 22 Mar 1860 Juan Manuel del Mar (b. 1804 - d. 1862)
(acting for Castilla)
24 Oct 1862 - 3 Apr 1863 Miguel San Román (b. 1802 - d. 1863)
3 Apr 1863 - 9 Apr 1863 Ramón Castilla (3rd time) (acting) (s.a.)
9 Apr 1863 - 5 Aug 1863 Pedro Diez Canseco (1st time) (b. 1815 - d. 1893)
(acting)
5 Aug 1863 - 8 Nov 1865 Juan Antonio Pezet (acting) (b. 1809 - d. 1879)
25 Apr 1865 - 24 Jun 1865 Mariano Ignacio Prado (b. 1826 - d. 1901)
(Provisional Supreme Chief, in rebellion)
8 Nov 1865 - 28 Nov 1865 Pedro Diez Canseco (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting, in rebellion from 24 Jun 1865)
28 Nov 1865 - 7 Jan 1868 Mariano Ignacio Prado (1st time) (s.a.)
(Provisional Supreme Chief to 15 Feb 1867,
provisional to 31 Aug 1867)
7 Jan 1868 - 8 Jan 1868 Luis La Puerta (b. 1811 - d. 1896)
(President of the Council of Ministers)
8 Jan 1868 - 2 Aug 1868 Pedro Diez Canseco (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting, in rebellion from 11 Sep 1867)
2 Aug 1868 - 22 Jul 1872 José Balta (b. 1814 - d. 1872)
22 Jul 1872 - 26 Jul 1872 Tomás Gutiérrez (Supreme Chief) (b. ... - d. 1872)
26 Jul 1872 - 27 Jul 1872 Francisco Diez Canseco (acting) (b. 1821 - d. 1884)
27 Jul 1872 - 2 Aug 1872 Mariano Herencia Zevallos (acting) (b. 1820 - d. 1873)
2 Aug 1872 - 2 Aug 1876 Manuel Pardo (b. 1834 - d. 1878)
2 Aug 1876 - 23 Dec 1879 Mariano Ignacio Prado (2nd time) (s.a.)
23 Dec 1879 - 12 Mar 1881 Nicolás de Piérola (1st time) (b. 1839 - d. 1913)
(Supreme Chief, continuing in rebellion to 31 Jul 1881
and then as president to 28 Nov 1881)
12 Mar 1881 - 28 Sep 1881 Francisco García Calderón (b. 1834 - d. 1905)
(provisional)
17 May 1881 - 23 Oct 1883 Patricio Lynch Solo de Zaldívar (b. 1824 - d. 1886)
(Chilean governor)
In opposition to Chilean occupation, two insurrectionary governments develop:
(A) (acting for exiled García Calderón)
15 Nov 1881 - 28 Oct 1883 Lizardo Montero (b. 1832 - d. 1905)
28 Oct 1883 - 3 Dec 1885 Andrés Avelino Cáceres (b. 1833 - d. 1923)
(B)
31 Aug 1882 - 3 Dec 1885 Miguel Iglesias (b. 1830 - d. 1909)
(Supreme Chief to 30 Dec 1882, "Regenerator President"
30 Dec 1882 - 2 Mar 1884, then provisional)
3 Dec 1885 - 3 Jun 1886 Antonio Arenas (b. 1808 - d. 1891)
(President of the Council of Ministers)
3 Jun 1886 - 10 Aug 1890 Andrés Avelino Cáceres (1st time) (s.a.)
10 Aug 1890 - 1 Apr 1894 Remigio Morales Bermúdez (b. 1836 - d. 1894)
1 Apr 1894 - 10 Aug 1894 Justiniano Borgoño (acting) (b. 1836 - d. 1921)
10 Aug 1894 - 20 Mar 1895 Andrés Avelino Cáceres (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Mar 1895 - 8 Sep 1895 Manuel Candamo (1st time) (b. 1841 - d. 1904)
(President of Governing Junta)
8 Sep 1895 - 8 Sep 1899 Nicolás de Piérola (2nd time) (s.a.)
8 Sep 1899 - 8 Sep 1903 Eduardo López de Romaña (b. 1847 - d. 1912)
8 Sep 1903 - 7 May 1904 Manuel Candamo (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 May 1904 - 24 Sep 1904 Serapio Calderón (acting) (b. 1843 - d. 1922)
24 Sep 1904 - 24 Sep 1908 José Pardo y Barreda (1st time) (b. 1864 - d. 1947)
24 Sep 1908 - 24 Sep 1912 Augusto B. Leguía (1st time) (b. 1863 - d. 1932)
24 Sep 1912 - 4 Feb 1914 Guillermo E. Billinghurst (b. 1851 - d. 1915)
4 Feb 1914 - 18 Aug 1915 Óscar R. Benavides (1st time) (b. 1876 - d. 1945)
(junta chairman to 15 May 1914)
18 Aug 1915 - 4 Jul 1919 José Pardo y Barreda (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 Jul 1919 - 25 Aug 1930 Augusto B. Leguía (2nd time) (s.a.)
(provisional to 12 Oct 1919)
25 Aug 1930 - 27 Aug 1930 Manuel María Ponce Brousset (b. 1874 - d. 1966)
(chairman military junta)
27 Aug 1930 - 1 Mar 1931 Luis M. Sánchez Cerro (1st time) (b. 1889 - d. 1933)
(chairman [to 29 Aug 1930, military] junta)
1 Mar 1931 (hours) Mariano Holguín Maldonado (b. 1860 - d. 1945)
(chairman Transitional Junta)
1 Mar 1931 - 5 Mar 1931 Ricardo Leoncio Elías Arias (b. 1874 - d. 1951)
(chairman Transitional Junta)
5 Mar 1931 - 11 Mar 1931 Gustavo A. Jiménez (b. 1886 - d. 1933)
(chairman Transitional Junta)
11 Mar 1931 - 8 Dec 1931 David Samanez Ocampo (b. 1866 - d. 1947)
(chairman National Junta)
8 Dec 1931 - 30 Apr 1933 Luis M. Sánchez Cerro (2nd time) (s.a.)
30 Apr 1933 (hours) José Matías Manzanilla Barrientos (b. 1867 - d. 1947)
(acting)
30 Apr 1933 - 8 Dec 1939 Óscar R. Benavides (2nd time) (s.a.)
8 Dec 1939 - 28 Jul 1945 Manuel Prado y Ugarteche
(1st time) (b. 1889 - d. 1967)
28 Jul 1945 - 29 Oct 1948 José Luis Bustamante y Rivero (b. 1894 - d. 1989)
29 Oct 1948 - 1 Jun 1950 Manuel A. Odría (1st time) (b. 1897 - d. 1974)
(provisional to 31 Oct 1948, then chairman military junta)
1 Jun 1950 - 28 Jul 1950 Zenón Noriega Agüero (b. 1900 - d. 1957)
(chairman military junta)
28 Jul 1950 - 28 Jul 1956 Manuel A. Odría (2nd time) (s.a.)
28 Jul 1956 - 18 Jul 1962 Manuel Prado y Ugarteche
(2nd time) (s.a.)
18 Jul 1962 - 20 Jul 1962 Ricardo Pío Pérez Godoy (b. 1905 - d. 1982)
+ Nicolás Lindley López (b. 1908 - d. 1995)
+ Juan Francisco Torres Matos
+ Pedro Vargas Prada (b. 1912 - d. 1997)
(commanders-in-chief)
20 Jul 1962 - 3 Mar 1963 Ricardo Pío Pérez Godoy (s.a.)
(junta chairman)
3 Mar 1963 - 28 Jul 1963 Nicolás Lindley López (s.a.)
(junta chairman)
28 Jul 1963 - 3 Oct 1968 Fernando Belaúnde Terry (1st time) (b. 1912 - d. 2002)
3 Oct 1968 (hours) Revolutionary Junta
- Juan Velasco Alvarado (b. 1910 - d. 1977)
- Mario Castro de Mendoza
- Alberto López Causillas
3 Oct 1968 (hours) Revolutionary Junta
- Ernesto Montagne Sánchez (b. 1916 - d. 1993)
- Raúl Ríos Pardo de Zela
- Alberto López Causillas
3 Oct 1968 - 30 Aug 1975 Juan Velasco Alvarado (s.a.)
30 Aug 1975 (hours) Revolutionary Junta
- Óscar Vargas Prieto (b. 1917 - d. 1989)
- César Podestá Jiménez
- Jorge Parodi Galliani (b. 1923 - d. 2010)
30 Aug 1975 - 28 Jul 1980 Francisco Morales Bermúdez (b. 1921 - d. 2022)
28 Jul 1980 - 28 Jul 1985 Fernando Belaúnde Terry (2nd time) (s.a.)
28 Jul 1985 - 28 Jul 1990 Alan García (1st time) (b. 1949 - d. 2019)
28 Jul 1990 - 22 Nov 2000 Alberto Fujimori (b. 1938 - d. 2024)
(5 Apr 1992 - 6 Jan 1993 president of the Government of
Emergency and National Reconstruction)
22 Nov 2000 - 28 Jul 2001 Valentín Paniagua (b. 1936 - d. 2006)
28 Jul 2001 - 28 Jul 2006 Alejandro Toledo (b. 1946)
28 Jul 2006 - 28 Jul 2011 Alan García (2nd time) (s.a.)
28 Jul 2011 - 28 Jul 2016 Ollanta Humala (b. 1962)
28 Jul 2016 - 23 Mar 2018 Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (b. 1938)
23 Mar 2018 - 10 Nov 2020 Martín Vizcarra (b. 1963)
10 Nov 2020 - 17 Nov 2020 Manuel Merino (b. 1961)
17 Nov 2020 - 28 Jul 2021 Francisco Sagasti (b. 1944)
28 Jul 2021 - 7 Dec 2022 Pedro Castillo (b. 1969)
7 Dec 2022 - Dina Boluarte (f) (b. 1962)
Prime ministers (presidents of the Council of Ministers)
1857 - May 1858 José María Raygada (b. 1795 - d. 1859)
May 1858 - Jul 1858 Manuel Ortiz de Zevallos (b. 1809 - d. 1872)
Jul 1858 - 1859 Miguel San Román (s.a.)
15 Sep 1859 - 9 Jun 1860 Miguel del Carpio (b. 1795 - d. 1869)
Jun 1860 - Oct 1862 Juan Antonio Pezet (s.a.)
Oct 1862 - Apr 1863 José Gregorio Paz Soldán (b. 1808 - d. 1875)
Apr 1863 - 11 Aug 1864 Juan Antonio Ribeyro (b. 1810 - d. 1886)
11 Aug 1864 - Oct 1864 Manuel Costas (b. 1820 - d. 1883)
Oct 1864 - 11 Apr 1865 José Allende (1st time) (b. 1793 - d. 1873)
11 Apr 1865 - Sep 1865 Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco (s.a.)
Sep 1865 - Nov 1865 Pedro José Calderón (b. 1832 - d. 1885)
Sep 1865 - Nov 1865 Juan Antonio Ugarteche (b. 1804 - d. 1871)
(under Pedro Diez Canseco)
Nov 1865 Francisco Javier Mariátegui (b. 1793 - d. 1884)
Nov 1865 - Mar 1867 Mariano Ignacio Prado (s.a.)
Mar 1867 - Apr 1867 Pedro José Tordoya (b. 1813 - d. 1883)
Jun 1867 - 1867 Pedro J. Saavedra
1867 Pedro Paz Soldán (b. 1809 - d. 1876)
1867 - Jan 1868 Luis La Puerta (s.a.)
Jan 1868 Antonio Gutiérrez de La Fuente (s.a.)
Jan 1868 - Aug 1868 Antonio Arenas (1st time) (s.a.)
Aug 1868 - Apr 1869 Pedro Gálvez (b. 1822 - d. 1878)
Apr 1869 - 2 Aug 1871 Juan Francisco Balta (b. 1806 - d. 1892)
2 Aug 1871 - Dec 1871 José Allende (2nd time) (s.a.)
Dec 1871 - 1872 José Jorge Loayza (1st time) (b. 1827 - d. 1904)
2 Aug 1872 - Sep 1873 José Miguel Medina (b. 1804 - d. 1884)
Sep 1873 - Jan 1875 José Eusebio Sánchez (b. 1823 - d. 1903)
Jan 1875 - 2 Aug 1876 Nicolás Freyre (b. 1808 - d. 1887)
2 Aug 1876 - 26 Aug 1876 Antonio Arenas (2nd time) (s.a.)
26 Aug 1876 - 4 Jun 1877 Teodoro La Rosa (b. 1818 - d. 1882)
4 Jun 1877 - 18 Jun 1878 Juan Buendía Noriega (b. 1816 - d. 1895)
18 Jun 1878 - 17 Dec 1878 José Jorge Loayza (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1878 - 19 May 1879 Manuel Irigoyen (1st time) (b. 1830 - d. 1912)
19 May 1879 - 16 Oct 1879 Manuel de Mendiburu (b. 1805 - d. 1885)
16 Oct 1879 - 23 Dec 1879 Manuel González de La Cotera (b. ... - d. 1884)
Mar 1881 - Nov 1881 Aurelio Denegri (1st time) (b. 1840 - d. 1909)
Oct 1881 - Nov 1881 Aurelio García y García (b. 1834 - d. 1888)
(under Nicolás de Piérola)
Insurrectionary government of
Lizardo Montero:
Jan 1882 - Sep 1882 Juan Manuel Arbaiza (b. 1831 - d. 1898)
Sep 1882 - Jan 1883 Camilo N. Carrillo Martínez (b. 1830 - d. 1900)
Jan 1883 - 1883 Manuel Velarde Seoane (1st time) (b. 1833 - d. 1900)
1883 Mariano Nicolás Valcárcel (b. 1852 - d. 1921)
Insurrectionary government of
Andrés Avelino Cáceres:
Jul 1884 - Oct 1884 Epifanio Serpa (b. 1835 - d. 1900)
Insurrectionary government of
Miguel Iglesias:
3 Jan 1883 - 27 Aug 1883 Lorenzo Iglesias (b. 1841 - d. 1885)
27 Aug 1883 - 7 Apr 1884 Manuel Antonio Barinaga
(1st time) (b. 1831 - d. 1897)
7 Apr 1884 - 14 May 1885 Mariano Castro Zaldívar (b. 1828 - d. 1900)
14 May 1885 - 2 Dec 1885 Joaquín Iglesias (b. 1822 - d. 1888)
2 Dec 1885 - 3 Jun 1886 Antonio Arenas (3rd time) (s.a.)
3 Jun 1886 - 6 Oct 1886 Pedro Alejandrino del Solar
(1st time) (b. 1829 - d. 1909)
6 Oct 1886 - 22 Nov 1886 José Araníbar (b. 1835 - d. 1903)
22 Nov 1886 - 22 Aug 1887 Pedro Alejandrino del Solar
(2nd time) (s.a.)
22 Aug 1887 - 12 Sep 1887 Mariano Santos Álvarez Villegas (b. 1823 - d. 1893)
12 Sep 1887 - 5 Oct 1887 Carlos M. Elías (1st time) (b. 1841 - d. 1907)
5 Oct 1887 - 8 Nov 1887 Raymundo Morales (interim) (b. 1834 - d. 1923)
8 Nov 1887 - 8 Mar 1889 Aurelio Denegri (2nd time) (s.a.)
8 Mar 1889 - 4 Apr 1889 José Mariano Jiménez (1st time) (b. 1843 - d. 1901)
4 Apr 1889 - 10 Feb 1890 Pedro Alejandrino del Solar
(3rd time) (s.a.)
11 Feb 1890 - 10 Aug 1890 Manuel Irigoyen (2nd time) (s.a.)
10 Aug 1890 - 24 Jul 1891 Mariano Nicolás Valcárcel (s.a.)
24 Jul 1891 - 14 Aug 1891 Alberto Elmore (1st time) (acting) (b. 1844 - d. 1916)
14 Aug 1891 - 24 Aug 1891 Federico Herrera (1st time) (b. 1845 - d. 1892)
24 Aug 1891 - 14 Oct 1891 Justiniano Borgoño (s.a.)
14 Oct 1891 - 14 Apr 1892 Federico Herrera (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting to 27 Nov 1891)
14 Apr 1892 - 30 Jun 1892 Juan Ibarra (acting to 2 May 1892) (b. 1836 - d. 1912)
30 Jun 1892 - 3 Mar 1893 Carlos M. Elías (2nd time) (s.a.)
3 Mar 1893 - 11 May 1893 Manuel Velarde Seoane (2nd time) (s.a.)
11 May 1893 - 1 Apr 1894 José Mariano Jiménez (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Apr 1894 - 10 Aug 1894 Baltasar García Urrutia (b. 1838 - d. 1899)
10 Aug 1894 - 16 Nov 1894 Cesáreo Chacaltana Reyes
(1st time) (b. 1845 - d. 1906)
16 Nov 1894 - 21 Mar 1895 Manuel Irigoyen Larrea (3rd time) (s.a.)
8 Sep 1895 - 30 Nov 1895 Antonio Bentín (b. 1826 - d. 1897)
30 Nov 1895 - 8 Aug 1896 Manuel Antonio Barinaga (2nd time) (s.a.)
8 Aug 1896 - 25 Nov 1897 Manuel Pablo Olaechea (b. 1843 - d. 1913)
25 Nov 1897 - 16 May 1898 Alejandro López de Romaña (b. 1846 - d. 1917)
16 May 1898 - 8 Sep 1899 José Jorge Loayza (3rd time) (s.a.)
8 Sep 1899 - 14 Dec 1899 Manuel María Gálvez (b. 1838 - d. 1917)
14 Dec 1899 - 30 Aug 1900 Enrique de la Riva-Agüero Riglos
(1st time) (b. 1857 - d. 1930)
30 Aug 1900 - 2 Oct 1900 Enrique Coronel Zegarra (b. 1851 - d. 1919)
2 Oct 1900 - 11 Sep 1901 Domingo M. Almenara Butler (b. 1848 - d. 1931)
11 Sep 1901 - 9 Aug 1902 Cesáreo Chacaltana Reyes
(2nd time) (s.a.)
9 Aug 1902 - 4 Nov 1902 Alejandro O. Deustua (b. 1849 - d. 1945)
4 Nov 1902 - 8 Sep 1903 Eugenio Larrabure y Unanue (b. 1844 - d. 1916)
8 Sep 1903 - 14 May 1904 José Pardo y Barreda (s.a.)
14 May 1904 - 24 Sep 1904 Alberto Elmore (2nd time) (s.a.)
24 Sep 1904 - 1 Aug 1907 Augusto B. Leguía (s.a.)
1 Aug 1907 - 9 Oct 1907 Agustín Tovar (b. 1852 - d. 1915)
9 Oct 1907 - 24 Sep 1908 Carlos A. Washburn (b. 1854 - d. 1925)
24 Sep 1908 - 8 Jun 1909 Eulogio I. Romero (b. 1855 - d. 1931)
8 Jun 1909 - 14 Mar 1910 Rafael Villanueva (b. 1839 - d. 1931)
14 Mar 1910 - 3 Aug 1910 Javier Prado y Ugarteche (b. 1871 - d. 1921)
3 Aug 1910 - 3 Nov 1910 Germán Schreiber Waddington
(1st time) (b. 1862 - d. 1930)
3 Nov 1910 - 27 Dec 1910 José Salvador Cavero (b. 1850 - d. 1940)
27 Dec 1910 - 31 Aug 1911 Enrique C. Basadre Stevenson (b. 1848 - d. 1925)
31 Aug 1911 - 24 Sep 1912 Agustín G. Ganoza y Cavero (b. 1855 - d. 1926)
24 Sep 1912 - 23 Dec 1912 Elías Malpartida (b. 1850 - d. 1922)
24 Dec 1912 - 24 Feb 1913 Enrique Varela (1st time) (b. 1856 - d. 1914)
24 Feb 1913 - 17 Jun 1913 Federico Luna y Peralta (b. 1853 - d. 1927)
17 Jun 1913 - 27 Jul 1913 Aurelio Sousa Matute (1st time) (b. 1860 - d. 1925)
27 Jul 1913 - 4 Feb 1914 Enrique Varela (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 May 1914 - 1 Aug 1914 Pedro E. Muñiz (b. 1862 - d. 1915)
1 Aug 1914 - 22 Aug 1914 Manuel Melitón Carvajal (b. 1847 - d. 1935)
22 Aug 1914 - 11 Nov 1914 Aurelio Sousa Matute (2nd time) (s.a.)
11 Nov 1914 - 19 Feb 1915 Germán Schreiber Waddington
(2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Feb 1915 - 24 Sep 1915 Carlos Isaac Abrill (b. 1863 - d. 1926)
24 Sep 1915 - 27 Jul 1917 Enrique de la Riva-Agüero Riglos
(2nd time) (s.a.)
27 Jul 1917 - 18 Dec 1918 Francisco Tudela y Varela (b. 1876 - d. 1962)
18 Dec 1918 - 26 Apr 1919 Germán Arenas (1st time) (b. 1870 - d. 1948)
26 Apr 1919 - 4 Jul 1919 Juan Manuel Zuloaga (b. 1862 - d. 1944)
4 Jul 1919 - 6 Dec 1919 Melitón F. Porras (b. 1860 - d. 1944)
6 Dec 1919 - 7 Oct 1922 Germán Leguía y Martínez (b. 1861 - d. 1928)
7 Oct 1922 - 12 Oct 1924 Julio Enrique Ego-Aguirre (b. 1865 - d. 1941)
12 Oct 1924 - 7 Dec 1926 Alejandrino Maguiña (b. 1864 - d. 1935)
7 Dec 1926 - 12 Oct 1929 Pedro José Rada y Gamio (b. 1873 - d. 1938)
12 Oct 1929 - 24 Aug 1930 Benjamín Huamán de los Heros (b. 1878 - d. 1936)
25 Aug 1930 Fernando Sarmiento (b. 1874 - d. 1939)
24 Nov 1930 - 1 Mar 1931 Antonio Beingolea (b. 1881 - d. 1950)
8 Dec 1931 - 28 Jan 1932 Germán Arenas (2nd time) (s.a.)
29 Jan 1932 - 13 Apr 1932 Francisco R. Lanatta (b. 1879 - d. 1945)
13 Apr 1932 - 20 May 1932 Luis A. Flores (b. 1899 - d. 1969)
21 May 1932 - 10 Sep 1932 Ricardo Rivadeneira (b. 1872 - d. 1954)
10 Sep 1932 - 24 Dec 1932 Carlos Zavala Loayza (b. 1882 - d. 1957)
24 Dec 1932 - 29 Jun 1933 José Matías Manzanilla Barrientos (s.a.)
29 Jun 1933 - 24 Nov 1933 Jorge Prado y Ugarteche (b. 1887 - d. 1970)
24 Nov 1933 - 19 May 1934 José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma (b. 1885 - d. 1944)
19 May 1934 - 24 Dec 1934 Alberto Rey de Castro y Romaña (b. 1869 - d. 1961)
24 Dec 1934 - May 1935 Carlos Arenas y Loayza (b. 1885 - d. 1955)
May 1935 - 13 Apr 1936 Manuel E. Rodríguez (b. 1883 - d. 1952)
8 Dec 1936 - 19 Apr 1939 Ernesto Montagne Markholz (b. 1885 - d. 1954)
19 Apr 1939 - 8 Dec 1939 Manuel Ugarteche Jiménez (b. 1872 - d. 1943)
8 Dec 1939 - 9 Dec 1944 Alfredo Solf y Muro (b. 1872 - d. 1969)
9 Dec 1944 - 28 Jul 1945 Julio L. East (b. 1876 - d. 1953)
28 Jul 1945 - 31 Jan 1946 Rafael Belaúnde Diez Canseco (b. 1886 - d. 1972)
31 Jan 1946 - 12 Jan 1947 Julio Ernesto Portugal (b. 1894 - d. 1972)
12 Jan 1947 - 31 Oct 1947 José R. Alzamora Freundt (b. 1891 - d. 1953)
31 Oct 1947 - 17 Jun 1948 Roque A. Saldías (1st time) (b. 1892 - d. 1974)
17 Jun 1948 - 27 Oct 1948 Armando Revoredo Iglesias (b. 1897 - d. 1978)
28 Jul 1950 - 9 Aug 1954 Zenón Noriega Agüero (s.a.)
9 Aug 1954 - 11 Jul 1956 Roque A. Saldías (2nd time) (s.a.)
11 Jul 1956 - 28 Jul 1956 Juan Mendoza Rodríguez (b. 1902 - d. 1995)
28 Jul 1956 - 9 Jun 1958 Manuel Cisneros Sánchez (b. 1904 - d. 1971)
9 Jun 1958 - 17 Jul 1959 Luis Gallo Porras (b. 1893 - d. 1972)
17 Jul 1959 - 24 Nov 1961 Pedro Gerardo Beltrán Espantoso (b. 1897 - d. 1979)
24 Nov 1961 - 18 Jul 1962 Carlos Moreyra y Paz Soldán (b. 1898 - d. 1981)
18 Jul 1962 - 28 Jul 1963 Nicolás Lindley López (s.a.)
28 Jul 1963 - 1 Jan 1964 Julio Óscar Trelles Montes (b. 1904 - d. 1990)
1 Jan 1964 - 15 Sep 1965 Fernando Schwalb López Aldana
(1st time) (b. 1916 - d. 2002)
15 Sep 1965 - 6 Sep 1967 Daniel Becerra de la Flor (b. 1906 - d. 1987)
6 Sep 1967 - 17 Nov 1967 Edgardo Seoane Corrales (b. 1903 - d. 1978)
17 Nov 1967 - 30 May 1968 Raúl Ferrero Rebagliati (b. 1911 - d. 1977)
30 May 1968 - 2 Oct 1968 Oswaldo Hercelles García (b. 1908 - d. 1969)
2 Oct 1968 - 3 Oct 1968 Miguel Mujica Gallo (b. 1910 - d. 2001)
3 Oct 1968 - 31 Jan 1973 Ernesto Montagne Sánchez (s.a.)
31 Jan 1973 - 1 Feb 1975 Edgardo Mercado Jarrín (b. 1919 - d. 2012)
1 Feb 1975 - 30 Aug 1975 Francisco Morales Bermúdez (s.a.)
30 Aug 1975 - 31 Jan 1976 Óscar Vargas Prieto (s.a.)
31 Jan 1976 - 16 Jul 1976 Jorge Fernández Maldonado Solari (b. 1922 - d. 2000)
17 Jul 1976 - 30 Jan 1978 Guillermo Arbulú Galliani (b. 1921 - d. 1997)
30 Jan 1978 - 31 Jan 1979 Óscar Molina Pallochia (b. 1921 - d. 1990)
31 Jan 1979 - 28 Jul 1980 Pedro Richter Prada (b. 1921 - d. 2017?)
28 Jul 1980 - 3 Jan 1983 Manuel Ulloa Elías (b. 1922 - d. 1992)
3 Jan 1983 - 10 Apr 1984 Fernando Schwalb López Aldana
(2nd time) (s.a.)
10 Apr 1984 - 12 Oct 1984 Sandro Mariátegui Chiappe (b. 1921 - d. 2013)
12 Oct 1984 - 28 Jul 1985 Luis Pércovich Roca (b. 1931 - d. 2017)
28 Jul 1985 - 26 Jun 1987 Luis Alva Castro (b. 1942)
26 Jun 1987 - 17 May 1988 Guillermo Larco Cox (1st time) (b. 1932 - d. 2002)
17 May 1988 - 15 May 1989 Armando Villanueva del Campo (b. 1915 - d. 2013)
15 May 1989 - 30 Sep 1989 Luis Alberto Sánchez (b. 1900 - d. 1994)
30 Sep 1989 - 28 Jul 1990 Guillermo Larco Cox (2nd time) (s.a.)
28 Jul 1990 - 15 Feb 1991 Juan Carlos Hurtado Miller (b. 1940)
15 Feb 1991 - 6 Nov 1991 Carlos Torres y Torres Lara (b. 1942 - d. 2000)
6 Nov 1991 - 6 Apr 1992 Alfonso de los Heros (b. 1939)
6 Apr 1992 - 28 Aug 1993 Óscar de la Puente Raygada (b. 1938)
28 Aug 1993 - 17 Feb 1994 Alfonso Bustamante y Bustamante (b. 1941)
17 Feb 1994 - 28 Jul 1995 Efraín Goldenberg Schreiber (b. 1929)
28 Jul 1995 - 3 Apr 1996 Dante Córdova Blanco (b. 1943)
3 Apr 1996 - 4 Jun 1998 Alberto Pandolfi (1st time) (b. 1940)
4 Jun 1998 - 21 Aug 1998 Javier Valle Riestra (b. 1932 - d. 2024)
21 Aug 1998 - 5 Jan 1999 Alberto Pandolfi (2nd time) (s.a.)
5 Jan 1999 - 13 Oct 1999 Víctor Joy Way (b. 1947)
13 Oct 1999 - 29 Jul 2000 Alberto Bustamante Belaúnde (b. 1950 - d. 2008)
29 Jul 2000 - 25 Nov 2000 Federico Salas Guevara (b. 1950 - d. 2021)
25 Nov 2000 - 28 Jul 2001 Javier Pérez de Cuéllar (b. 1920 - d. 2020)
28 Jul 2001 - 12 Jul 2002 Roberto Dañino (b. 1951)
12 Jul 2002 - 28 Jun 2003 Luis Solari (b. 1948)
28 Jun 2003 - 15 Dec 2003 Beatriz Merino (f) (b. 1947)
15 Dec 2003 - 16 Aug 2005 Carlos Ferrero Costa (b. 1941)
16 Aug 2005 - 28 Jul 2006 Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (s.a.)
28 Jul 2006 - 14 Oct 2008 Jorge del Castillo (b. 1950)
14 Oct 2008 - 11 Jul 2009 Yehude Simon (b. 1947)
11 Jul 2009 - 14 Sep 2010 Javier Velásquez (b. 1960)
14 Sep 2010 - 19 Mar 2011 José Antonio Chang (b. 1958)
19 Mar 2011 - 28 Jul 2011 Rosario Fernández (f) (b. 1955)
28 Jul 2011 - 11 Dec 2011 Salomón Lerner (b. 1946)
11 Dec 2011 - 23 Jul 2012 Óscar Valdés (b. 1949)
23 Jul 2012 - 31 Oct 2013 Juan Jiménez (b. 1964)
31 Oct 2013 - 24 Feb 2014 César Villanueva (1st time) (b. 1946)
24 Feb 2014 - 22 Jul 2014 René Cornejo (b. 1962)
22 Jul 2014 - 2 Apr 2015 Ana Jara (f) (b. 1968)
2 Apr 2015 - 28 Jul 2016 Pedro Cateriano (1st time) (b. 1958)
28 Jul 2016 - 17 Sep 2017 Fernando Zavala (b. 1971)
17 Sep 2017 - 2 Apr 2018 Mercedes Aráoz (f) (b. 1961)
2 Apr 2018 - 11 Mar 2019 César Villanueva (2nd time) (s.a.)
11 Mar 2019 - 30 Sep 2019 Salvador del Solar (b. 1970)
30 Sep 2019 - 15 Jul 2020 Vicente Zeballos (b. 1963)
15 Jul 2020 - 6 Aug 2020 Pedro Cateriano (2nd time) (s.a.)
6 Aug 2020 - 11 Nov 2020 Walter Martos (b. 1957)
11 Nov 2020 - 18 Nov 2020 Ántero Flores-Aráoz (b. 1942)
18 Nov 2020 - 29 Jul 2021 Violeta Bermúdez (f) (b. 1961)
29 Jul 2021 - 6 Oct 2021 Guido Bellido (b. 1979)
6 Oct 2021 - 1 Feb 2022 Mirtha Vásquez (f) (b. 1975)
1 Feb 2022 - 8 Feb 2022 Héctor Valer Pinto (b. 1959)
8 Feb 2022 - 25 Nov 2022 Aníbal Torres (b. 1942)
25 Nov 2022 - 10 Dec 2022 Betssy Chávez (f) (b. 1989)
10 Dec 2022 - 21 Dec 2022 Pedro Angulo (b. 1960)
21 Dec 2022 - 6 Mar 2024 Alberto Otárola (b. 1967)
6 Mar 2024 - Gustavo Adrianzén (b. 1966)