Rulers: South Africa
Ministries, etc.
Party abbreviations: ANC=African National Congress, IFP=Inkatha Freedom Party, Lab=Labour Party, NP=National Party, SAP=South African Party, UP=United Party
Vice state president
1 Jan 1981 - 14 Sep 1984 Alwyn Schlebusch NP (b. 1917 - d. 2008)
First deputy president
10 May 1994 - 16 Jun 1999 Thabo Mbeki ANC (b. 1942)
Second deputy president
10 May 1994 - 30 Jun 1996 Frederik W. de Klerk NP (b. 1936)
Deputy presidents
17 Jun 1999 - 14 Jun 2005 Jacob Zuma ANC (b. 1942)
23 Jun 2005 - 24 Sep 2008 Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka (f) ANC (b. 1955)
25 Sep 2008 - 9 May 2009 Baleka Mbete (f) ANC (b. 1949)
11 May 2009 - Kgalema Motlanthe ANC (b. 1949)
International Relations
Ministers
- Foreign Affairs -
1927 - Jan 1955 the prime ministers
Jan 1955 - 9 Jan 1964 Eric Louw NP (b. 1890 - d. 1968)
9 Jan 1964 - 1 Apr 1977 Hilgard Muller NP (b. 1914 - d. 1985)
1 Apr 1977 - 11 May 1994 Roelof Botha NP (b. 1932)
11 May 1994 - 17 Jun 1999 Alfred Nzo ANC (b. 1925 - d. 2000)
17 Jun 1999 - 11 May 2009 Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma (f) ANC (b. 1949)
- International Relations -
11 May 2009 - Maite Nkoana-Mashabane (f) ANC (b. 1963)
Defense
Ministers
1910 - 1920 Jan Smuts (1st time) 1911: SAP (b. 1870 - d. 1950)
1920 - 1924 Hendrik Mentz SAP (b. 1877 - d. 1938)
1924 - Mar 1933 Frederic Creswell Lab (b. 1866 - d. 1948)
Mar 1933 - Sep 1939 Oswald Pirow NP;
5 Dec 1934: UP (b. 1890 - d. 1959)
Sep 1939 - Jun 1948 Jan Smuts (2nd time) UP (s.a.)
Jun 1948 - 1959 F.C. Erasmus NP (b. 1896 - d. 1967)
1959 - 1966 Johannes Jacobus Fouché NP (b. 1898 - d. 1980)
1966 - 1980 Pieter Willem Botha NP (b. 1916 - d. 2006)
1980 - 1991 Magnus Malan -/NP (b. 1930)
1991 - May 1992 Roelf Meyer NP (b. 1947)
May 1992 - 1 Apr 1993 Gene Louw NP (b. 1931)
1 Apr 1993 - 11 May 1994 Kobie Coetsee NP (b. 1931 - d. 2000)
11 May 1994 - 17 Jun 1999 Joe Modise ANC (b. 1929 - d. 2001)
17 Jun 1999 - 24 Sep 2008 Mosiuoa Lekota ANC (b. 1948)
25 Sep 2008 - 11 May 2009 Charles Nqakula ANC (b. 1942)
11 May 2009 - Lindiwe Sisulu (f) ANC (b. 1954)
Home Affairs
Ministers
- Interior -
31 May 1910 - 25 Jun 1912 Jan Smuts 1911: SAP (b. 1870 - d. 1950)
25 Jun 1912 - 13 Nov 1913 Abraham Fischer SAP (b. 1850 - d. 1913)
*1915* Hendrik Schalk Theron SAP (b. 1869 - d. 1922)
1 Feb 1916 - 10 Mar 1921 Sir Thomas Watt SAP (b. 1857 - d. 1947)
10 Mar 1921 - 30 Jun 1924 Patrick Duncan SAP (b. 1870 - d. 1943)
30 Jun 1924 - 31 Mar 1933 Daniel F. Malan NP (b. 1874 - d. 1959)
31 Mar 1933 - 9 Dec 1936 Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr SAP;
5 Dec 1934: UP (b. 1894 - d. 1948)
9 Dec 1936 - 6 Sep 1939 Richard Stuttaford UP (b. 1870 - d. 1945)
6 Sep 1939 - 16 Aug 1943 Harry Gordon Lawrence
(1st time) UP (b. 1901 - d. 1973)
16 Aug 1943 - 16 Jan 1948 Charles Francis Clarkson UP (b. 1881 - d. 1959)
16 Jan 1948 - 4 Jun 1948 Harry Gordon Lawrence
(2nd time) UP (s.a.)
4 Jun 1948 - 23 Oct 1958 Theophilus Dönges NP (b. 1898 - d. 1968)
23 Oct 1958 - Jan 1961 Jozua François Naudé NP (b. 1889 - d. 1969)
1961 - 1966 Johannes de Klerk NP (b. 1903 - d. 1979)
1966 - 1968 Pieter Mattheus Kruger
Le Roux NP (b. 1904)
1968 - May 1970 Lourens Muller NP (b. 1917? - d. 2005)
May 1970 - Nov 1970 Marais Viljoen NP (b. 1915 - d. 2007)
Nov 1970 - Jul 1972 Theo Gerdener NP (b. 1917)
Jul 1972 - 1978 Connie Mulder NP (b. 1925 - d. 1988)
1978 - 1980 Alwyn Schlebusch NP (b. 1917 - d. 2008)
1980 - 1982 Chris Heunis NP (b. 1927 - d. 2006)
- Home Affairs -
1982 - 1985 Frederik W. de Klerk NP (b. 1936)
1985 - 1989 Stoffel Botha NP (b. 1929 - d. 1998)
1989 - May 1992 Gene Louw NP (b. 1931)
May 1992 - 1 Apr 1993 Louis Pienaar NP (b. 1926)
1 Apr 1993 - 11 May 1994 Danie Schutte NP (b. 1947)
11 May 1994 - 28 Apr 2004 Mangosuthu Buthelezi IFP (b. 1928)
28 Apr 2004 - 11 May 2009 Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula (f) ANC (b. 1956)
11 May 2009 - Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma (f) ANC (b. 1949)
Finance
Ministers
1910 - 1912 Henry Charles Hull 1911: SAP (b. 1866 - d. 1942)
1912 - 1915 Jan Smuts SAP (b. 1870 - d. 1950)
24 Feb 1915 - 1916 Sir David Pieter de Villiers
Graaff SAP (b. 1859 - d. 1931)
1916 - 1917 Henry Burton (1st time) SAP (b. 1866 - d. 1935)
1917 - 1920 Thomas Orr SAP (b. 1857 - d. 1937)
1920 - 1924 Henry Burton (2nd time) SAP (s.a.)
1924 - 1939 Nicolaas Christiaan Havenga
(1st time) NP; 5 Dec 1934: UP (b. 1882 - d. 1957)
1939 - Jan 1948 Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr UP (b. 1894 - d. 1948)
Jan 1948 - Jun 1948 Claud Sturrock UP (b. 1882 - d. 1958)
Jun 1948 - 1954 Nicolaas Christiaan Havenga
(2nd time) NP (s.a.)
1954 - 1956 Eric Louw NP (b. 1890 - d. 1968)
1956 - 1958 Jozua François Naudé NP (b. 1889 - d. 1969)
1958 - 1967 Theophilus Dönges NP (b. 1898 - d. 1968)
1967 - 1975 Nicolaas J. Diederichs NP (b. 1903 - d. 1978)
1975 - 1984 Owen Horwood NP (b. 1916 - d. 1998)
1984 - May 1992 Barend du Plessis NP (b. 1940)
May 1992 - 19 Sep 1994 Derek Keys NP (b. 1931)
19 Sep 1994 - 4 Apr 1996 Chris Liebenberg - (b. 1934)
4 Apr 1996 - 11 May 2009 Trevor Manuel ANC (b. 1956)
11 May 2009 - Pravin Gordhan ANC (b. 1949)
Justice
Ministers
1910 - 1912 J.B.M. Hertzog 1911: SAP (b. 1866 - d. 1942)
1912 - 24 Jul 1913 Jacobus Wilhelmus Sauer SAP (b. 1850 - d. 1913)
Sep 1913 - 1924 Nicolaas Jacobus de Wet SAP (b. 1873 - d. 1960)
1924 - 1929 Tielman Johannes de Villiers
Roos NP (b. 1879 - d. 1935)
1929 - Mar 1933 Oswald Pirow NP (b. 1890 - d. 1959)
Mar 1933 - Sep 1939 Jan Smuts SAP; 5 Dec 1934: UP (b. 1870 - d. 1950)
Sep 1939 - 1945 Colin Fraser Steyn UP (b. 1887 - d. 1959)
1945 - Jun 1948 Harry Gordon Lawrence UP (b. 1901 - d. 1973)
Jun 1948 - 1959 Charles Robberts Swart NP (b. 1894 - d. 1982)
1959 - Aug 1961 F.C. Erasmus NP (b. 1896 - d. 1967)
Aug 1961 - 1966 B.J. Vorster NP (b. 1915 - d. 1983)
1966 - 1974 Petrus Cornelius Pelser NP
1974 - 1979 Jimmy Kruger NP (b. 1917 - d. 1987)
1979 - 1980 Alwyn Schlebusch NP (b. 1917 - d. 2008)
1980 - 11 May 1994 Kobie Coetsee NP (b. 1931 - d. 2000)
11 May 1994 - 17 Jun 1999 Dullah Omar ANC (b. 1934 - d. 2004)
17 Jun 1999 - 28 Apr 2004 Penuell Maduna ANC (b. 1952)
28 Apr 2004 - 25 Sep 2008 Brigitte Mabandla (f) ANC (b. 1948)
25 Sep 2008 - 11 May 2009 Enver Surty ANC (b. 1953)
11 May 2009 - Jeff Radebe ANC (b. 1953)
Parliament
National Council of Provinces
1910 Senate
1 Jan 1981 abolished
1994 Senate
1997 National Council of Provinces
Presidents
1 Nov 1910 - 10 Mar 1921 Francis William Reitz (b. 1844 - d. 1934)
11 Mar 1921 - 30 Jun 1929 H.C. van Heerden (b. 1862 - d. 1933)
19 Jul 1929 - 16 Jan 1930 R.A. Kerr
17 Jan 1930 - 18 Jan 1940 Christiaan Andries van Niekerk
(1st time) (b. 1874 - d. 19...)
19 Jan 1940 - 31 Dec 1941 François Stephanus Malan (b. 1871 - d. 1941)
12 Jan 1942 - 31 Dec 1945 Philippus Arnoldus Myburgh (b. 1880 - d. 1946)
18 Jan 1946 - 5 Aug 1948 Pieter Jurie Wessels (b. 1878 - d. 1958)
6 Aug 1948 - 19 Jan 1961 Christiaan Andries van Niekerk
(2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Jan 1961 - 31 May 1969 Jozua François Naudé (b. 1889 - d. 1969)
1969 - Jan 1976 Johannes de Klerk (b. 1903 - d. 1979)
23 Jan 1976 - 18 Jun 1979 Marais Viljoen (b. 1915 - d. 2007)
19 Jun 1979 - 31 Dec 1980 Jimmy Kruger (b. 1917 - d. 1987)
20 May 1994 - 4 Feb 1997 Kobie Coetsee (b. 1931 - d. 2000)
6 Feb 1997 - 21 Jun 1999 Mosiuoa Lekota (b. 1948)
21 Jun 1999 - 4 May 2004 Naledi Pandor (f) (b. 1953)
4 May 2004 - 21 Nov 2004 Joyce Kgoali (f) (b. 1950 - d. 2004)
21 Nov 2004 - Mninwa Johannes Mahlangu (b. 1952)
(acting to 17 Jan 2005)
National Assembly
1910 House of Assembly
1994 National Assembly
Speakers
1 Nov 1910 - 18 Nov 1915 James Tennant Molteno (from 1911,
Sir James Tennant Molteno) (b. 1865 - d. 1936)
19 Nov 1915 - 24 Jul 1924 Joel Krige (b. 1866 - d. 1933)
25 Jul 1924 - 19 Jun 1929 Ernest George Jansen (1st time) (b. 1881 - d. 1959)
19 Jul 1929 - 25 May 1933 Jan Hendrick Hofmeyr de Waal (b. 1871 - d. 1937)
26 May 1933 - 21 Jan 1944 Ernest George Jansen (2nd time) (s.a.)
22 Jan 1944 - 5 Aug 1948 Clifford Meyer van Coller (b. 1876 - d. 1977)
6 Aug 1948 - 7 Nov 1950 Jozua François Naudé (b. 1889 - d. 1969)
19 Jan 1951 - 31 Dec 1960 Johannes Conradie
20 Jan 1961 - 1 Aug 1974 Henning Johannes Klopper (b. 1895 - d. 19...)
2 Aug 1974 - 25 Jan 1976 Alwyn Schlebusch (b. 1917 - d. 2008)
26 Jan 1976 - 30 Jul 1981 Jannie Loots (b. 1914? - d. 1998)
31 Jul 1981 - 13 Feb 1983 J.P. du Toit
14 Feb 1983 - 31 Dec 1986 Johan Greeff
1 Jan 1987 - 26 Oct 1991 Louis le Grange (b. 1928 - d. 1991)
14 Nov 1991 - 26 Apr 1994 Gene Louw (b. 1931)
9 May 1994 - 23 Apr 2004 Frene Ginwala (f) (b. 1932)
23 Apr 2004 - 25 Sep 2008 Baleka Mbete (f) (b. 1949)
25 Sep 2008 - 6 May 2009 Gwen Mahlangu-Nkabinde (f) (b. 1955)
6 May 2009 - Max Sisulu (b. 1945)
Political parties
African National Congress
1912 South African Native National Congress founded
1923 renamed African National Congress
Presidents-general
1912 - 1917 John Langalibalele Dube (b. 1871 - d. 1946)
1917 - 1924 Sefako Mapogo Makgatho (b. 1861 - d. 1951)
1924 - 1927 Zaccheus R. Mahabane (1st time) (b. 1881 - d. 1970)
1927 - 1930 Josiah Tshangana Gumede (b. 1870 - d. 1947)
1930 - 1936 Pixley ka Isaka Seme (b. 1882 - d. 1951)
1937 - 1940 Zaccheus R. Mahabane (2nd time) (s.a.)
1940 - Dec 1949 Alfred Bitini Xuma (b. 1890 - d. 1962)
Dec 1949 - 16 Dec 1952 James Moroka (b. 1891 - d. 1985)
16 Dec 1952 - 21 Jul 1967 Albert Luthuli (b. 1898 - d. 1967)
21 Jul 1967 - 5 Jul 1991 Oliver Tambo (acting to 1969) (b. 1917 - d. 1993)
5 Jul 1991 - 17 Dec 1997 Nelson Mandela (b. 1918)
17 Dec 1997 - 18 Dec 2007 Thabo Mbeki (b. 1942)
18 Dec 2007 - Jacob Zuma (b. 1942)
Secretaries-general
1912 - 1917 Sol Plaatje (b. 1876 - d. 1932)
1917 - 1919 Isaiah Bud-M'belle (b. 1870 - d. 1947)
1919 - 1923 Saul Msane
1923 - 1927 T.D. Mweli Skota
1927 - 1930 E.J. Khaile
1930 - 1936 Elijah Mdolomba
1936 - 1949 James Calata (b. 1895 - d. 1983)
1949 - 1955 Walter Sisulu (b. 1912 - d. 2003)
1955 - 1958 Oliver Tambo (s.a.)
1958 - 1969 Duma Nokwe (b. 1927 - d. 1978)
1969 - 5 Jul 1991 Alfred Nzo (b. 1925 - d. 2000)
5 Jul 1991 - 17 Dec 1997 Cyril Ramaphosa (b. 1952)
17 Dec 1997 - 18 Dec 2007 Kgalema Motlanthe (b. 1949)
18 Dec 2007 - Gwede Mantashe
New National Party
1914 Nationalist Party founded
5 Dec 1934 united with South African Party to form United Party
1939 Nationalist Party recreated
1951 united with Afrikaner Party to form National Party
Dec 1998 renamed New National Party
1 Mar 2006 dissolved
Leaders
1914 - 5 Dec 1934 J.B.M. Hertzog (1st time) (b. 1866 - d. 1942)
1939 - 12 Dec 1940 J.B.M. Hertzog (2nd time) (s.a.)
12 Dec 1940 - 30 Nov 1954 Daniel F. Malan (b. 1874 - d. 1959)
30 Nov 1954 - 24 Aug 1958 Johannes G. Strijdom (b. 1893 - d. 1958)
2 Sep 1958 - 6 Sep 1966 Hendrik F. Verwoerd (b. 1901 - d. 1966)
13 Sep 1966 - 28 Sep 1978 B.J. Vorster (b. 1915 - d. 1983)
28 Sep 1978 - 2 Feb 1989 Pieter Willem Botha (b. 1916 - d. 2006)
2 Feb 1989 - 9 Sep 1997 Frederik W. de Klerk (b. 1936)
9 Sep 1997 - 1 Mar 2006 Marthinus van Schalkwyk (b. 1959)
United Party
1911 South African Party established
5 Dec 1934 South African Party and Nationalist Party merge as United Party
28 Jun 1977 dissolved
Leaders
1911 - 27 Aug 1919 Louis Botha (b. 1862 - d. 1919)
1919 - 5 Dec 1934 Jan Smuts (b. 1870 - d. 1950)
5 Dec 1934 - 5 Sep 1939 J.B.M. Hertzog (b. 1866 - d. 1942)
5 Sep 1939 - 11 Sep 1950 Jan Smuts (s.a.)
22 Nov 1950 - 21 Nov 1956 J.G.N. Strauss (b. 1900 - d. 1990)
21 Nov 1956 - 28 Jun 1977 Sir De Villiers Graaff (b. 1913 - d. 1999)