Rulers: Malaysia
States
Johor
10 Aug 1511 Melaka annexed by Portugal; last sultan moves to Kampar
1528/64 successor establishes Sultanate of Johor-Riau
6 Feb 1819 Johor and Riau separate; Negeri Johor Darul Takzim established
Sultans
3 Sep 1699 - 1721 Abdul Jalil Riayat Shah (b. 16... - d. 1721)
1721 - 20 Aug 1760 Sulaiman Badr ul-Alam Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Abdul Jalil
Riayat Shah (b. 1699 - d. 1760)
20 Aug 1760 - 29 Jan 1761 Abdul Jalil Muadzam Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Sulaiman Shah (b. 1738 - d. 1761)
29 Jan 1761 - 1761 Ahmad ibni al-Marhum Sultan Abdul
Jalil (b. 1752 - d. 1770)
1761 - 12 Jan 1811 Mahmud Shah Alam ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah (b. 1755 - d. 1811)
1811 - 6 Feb 1819 Abdul Rahman Muadzam Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah
6 Feb 1819 - 5 Sep 1835 Husain Muadzam Shah ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Mahmud Shah (b. 1776 - d. 1835)
5 Sep 1835 - 10 Mar 1855 Ali Iskandar Shah ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Husain Muadzam Shah (b. 1820 - d. 1877)
(not recognized; rules at Muar to 20 Jun 1877)
Rulers, with the title Datuk Temeggong Seri Maharaja
5 Sep 1835 - 31 Jan 1862 Tun Daeng Ibrahim bin Tun Abdul
Rahman (b. 1811 - d. 1862)
1 Feb 1862 - 1868 Tun Abubakar Seri Maharaja bin Tun
Ibrahim (b. 1833 - d. 1895)
Maharaja
1868 - 13 Feb 1886 Abubakar bin Tun Ibrahim (s.a.)
Sultans
13 Feb 1886 - 4 Jun 1895 Tuanku Abubakar bin Tun Ibrahim (s.a.)
4 Jun 1895 - 8 May 1959 Tuanku Ibrahim ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Abubakar (b. 1873 - d. 1959)
8 May 1959 - 10 May 1981 Tuanku Ismail ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Ibrahim (b. 1894 - d. 1981)
11 May 1981 - 22 Jan 2010 Tuanku Mahmud Iskandar ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Ismail (b. 1932 - d. 2010)
26 Apr 1984 - 25 Apr 1989 Tunku Ibrahim Ismail (regent) (b. 1958)
22 Jan 2010 - Tuanku Ibrahim Ismail ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Iskandar (s.a.)
(regent to 23 Jan 2010)
31 Jan 2024 - Tunku Ismail (regent) (b. 1984)
Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
1886 - Jul 1890 Datuk Jaafar Mohamed (b. 1838 - d. 1919)
Jul 1920 - 1922 Datuk Mohamed Mahbob (b. 1852 - d. 1926)
Sep 1923 - 1928 Abdullah Jaafar (b. 1875 - d. 1934)
16 Sep 1928 - 23 Nov 1931 Mustapha Jaafar
23 Nov 1931 - 28 Dec 1934 Datuk Abdul Hamid Yusof (b. 1876 - d. 1934)
Apr 1935 - 1 Jun 1947 Ungku Abdul Aziz Abdul Majid (b. 1887 - d. 1951)
1 Jun 1947 - 18 May 1950 Onn Jaafar (b. 1895 - d. 1962)
20 Feb 1952 - 5 Jun 1955 Datuk Syed Abdul Kadir bin Mohamed (b. 1900 - d. 1960)
1 Oct 1955 - 16 Jun 1959 Datuk Wan Idris bin Ibrahim (b. 1888 - d. 1973)
27 Jun 1959 - 31 Jan 1967 Tan Sri Hassan Yunos (b. 1907 - d. 1968)
Feb 1967 - Apr 1982 Dato' (from 4 Jun 1975, Tan Sri)
Othman Saat (b. 1927 - d. 2007)
29 Apr 1982 - 12 Aug 1986 Datuk Abdul Ajib bin Ahmad (b. 1947 - d. 2011)
12 Aug 1986 - 3 May 1995 Muhyiddin Yassin (from 1988,
Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin) (b. 1947)
3 May 1995 - 14 May 2013 Datuk Abdul Ghani Othman (b. 1946)
14 May 2013 - 12 May 2018 Datuk Seri Mohamed Khaled Nordin (b. 1958)
12 May 2018 - 14 Apr 2019 Datuk Osman Sapian (b. 1951 - d. 2021)
14 Apr 2019 - 28 Feb 2020 Sahruddin Jamal (from 22 Apr 2019,
Datuk Sahruddin Jamal) (b. 1975)
28 Feb 2020 - 15 Mar 2022 Datuk Hasni Mohammad (b. 1958?)
15 Mar 2022 - Datuk Onn Hafiz Ghazi (b. 1979)
British general advisers
1911 - 1916 Douglas Graham Campbell (1st time) (b. 1867 - d. 1918)
1916 - 1917 F.G. Weld (acting)
1917 - 1918 Douglas Graham Campbell (2nd time) (s.a.)
1918 - 1919 F.J. Hallifax (acting)
1919 - 1921 J.F. Owen (acting)
1921 - 1925 Hayes Marriott (b. 1873 - d. 1929)
1925 - 1928 Charles Walter Hamilton Cochrane (b. 1876 - d. 1932)
1928 - 1931 George Ernest Shaw (b. 1877 - d. 1958)
1931 - 1935 Richard Winstedt (b. 1878 - d. 1966)
1935 - 1940 Walter Evelyn Pepys (b. 1885 - d. 1966)
1940 - 1941 William Douglas Barron (b. 1887 - d. 1970)
Japanese governors
1943 - 1945 Kenji Dohihara (b. 1883 - d. 1948)
1945 - 12 Sep 1945 Seishiro Itagaki (b. 1885 - d. 1948)
Kedah
1136 Negeri Kedah Darul Aman established
12 Sep 1821 - 1843 annexed by Thailand (division into three polities
under Thai sovereignty from 1839)
20 Aug 1943 - 8 Sep 1945 annexed by Thailand
Sultans
1698 - 22 Sep 1706 Abdullah al-Muadzam Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Ata Allah
Muhammad Shah (b. 16... - d. 1706)
1706 - 1710 Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah I
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Abdullah
al-Muadzam Shah (b. ... - d. 1710)
1710 - 23 Sep 1778 Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Azilin
Muadzam Shah ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Abdullah al-Muadzam Shah (b. ... - d. 1778)
1778 - 1 Sep 1797 Abdullah Mukarram Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa
Zainal Azilin Muadzam Shah (b. c.1750 - d. 1797)
1 Sep 1797 - Sep 1803 Ziyauddin Mukarram Shah II ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa
Zainal Azilin Muadzam Shah (b. 1754 - d. 1803)
Sep 1803 - 12 Nov 1821 Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ziyauddin
Mukarram Shah (1st time) (b. ... - d. 1843)
... - 1839 Tunku Anum
(in rebellion against Thailand)
1839 - 1841 Tunku Asan (in Kabangpasu)
1841 - 1843 Tunku Anum (in Kabangpasu)
1839 - 1843 Tunku Setusen (in Polit)
1839 - 1843 Muhammad Akip (in Satun)
1843 - 6 Apr 1843 Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ziyauddin
Mukarram Shah (2nd time) (s.a.)
6 Apr 1843 - 13 Mar 1854 Tuanku Zainal Rashid Muadzam
Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah (b. 1803 - d. 1854)
13 Mar 1854 - 22 Jun 1879 Tuanku Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram
Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Zainal Rashid Muadzam Shah (b. 1835 - d. 1879)
22 Jun 1879 - 22 Sep 1881 Tuanku Zainal Rashid Muadzam
Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah (b. 1857 - d. 1881)
22 Sep 1881 - 13 May 1943 Tuanku Seri Abdul Hamid Halim Shah
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad
Tajuddin Mukarram Shah (b. 1864 - d. 1943)
Regents for incapacitated Abdul Hamid:
1915 - 30 Apr 1934 Tunku Ibrahim (b. 1885 - d. 1934)
1934 - 7 Mar 1935 Tunku Muhammad (b. 1890 - d. 1935)
1935 - 5 Nov 1937 Tunku Mahmud (b. 1876 - d. 1937)
5 Dec 1937 - 13 May 1943 Tunku Badli Shah (b. 1894 - d. 1958)
13 May 1943 - 20 Aug 1943 Sultan Tengku Badli Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Abdul Hamid
Halim Shah (1st time) (s.a.)
8 Sep 1945 - 13 Jul 1958 Sultan Tengku Badli Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Abdul Hamid
Halim Shah (2nd time) (s.a.)
14 Jul 1958 - 11 Sep 2017 Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Badlishah (b. 1927 - d. 2017)
21 Sep 1970 - 20 Sep 1975 Tunku Abdul Malik (regent) (b. 1929 - d. 2015)
13 Dec 2011 - 21 May 2014 Tunku Annuar (b. 1939 - d. 2014)
(chairman Council of Regency)
4 Jun 2014 - 12 Dec 2016 Tunku Sallehuddin (b. 1942)
(chairman Council of Regency)
12 Sep 2017 - Tuanku Sallehuddin ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Badlishah (s.a.)
Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
1 Feb 1948 - 1954 Mohamad Sheriff bin Osman (b. 1890 - d. 1962)
1949 - 1951 Tunku Ismail bin Tunku Yahya (b. 1907 - d. 1969)
(acting for Sheriff)
1954 - 24 May 1959 Tunku Ismail bin Tunku Yahya (s.a.)
24 May 1959 - 7 Dec 1967 Datuk Syed Omar Shahabuddin (b. 1902 - d. 1967)
14 Dec 1967 - 13 Jul 1978 Syed Ahmad Shahabuddin (from 1975,
Datuk Syed Ahmad Shahabuddin) (b. 1925 - d. 2008)
13 Jul 1978 - 28 Jan 1985 Syed Nahar Shahabuddin (from 1979,
Dato' Seri Syed Nahar Shahabuddin) (b. 1934 - d. 1998)
28 Jan 1985 - 16 Jun 1996 Dato' Paduka (from 25 Jan 1987,
Dato' Seri; from 5 Jun 1991, Tan
Sri) Osman Aroff (b. 1940)
16 Jun 1996 - 11 Dec 1999 Datuk Seri (from 7 Jun 1997, Tan
Sri) Sanusi Junid (b. 1943 - d. 2018)
11 Dec 1999 - 22 Dec 2005 Syed Razak Syed Zain (from 4 Jan
2000, Dato' Seri Syed Razak Syed
Zain; from 9 Oct 2004, Datuk Seri
Syed Razak Syed Zain) (b. 1944)
17 Jul 2005 - 9 Mar 2008 Datuk (from 22 Jan 2006, Datuk
Seri) Mahdzir Khalid (b. 1960)
(acting [for Syed Razak to 22 Dec 2005] to 28 Dec 2005)
9 Mar 2008 - 6 May 2013 Azizan Abdul Razak (from 16 Jul
2008, Datuk Seri Azizan Abdul
Razak) (b. 1944 - d. 2013)
6 May 2013 - 4 Feb 2016 Datuk (from 20 Jan 2014, Datuk
Seri) Mukhriz Tun Mahathir
(1st time) (b. 1964)
4 Feb 2016 - 11 May 2018 Datuk Seri Ahmad Bashah Md Hanipah (b. 1950)
11 May 2018 - 17 May 2020 Datuk Seri Mukhriz Tun Mahathir
(2nd time) (s.a.)
17 May 2020 - Muhammad Sanusi Md Nor (from 1 Nov
2021, Datuk Seri Muhammad Sanusi
Md Nor) (b. 1974)
British advisers
1909 - 1915 George Maxwell (1st time) (b. 1871 - d. 1959)
1915 - 1916 Littleton Edward Pipe-Wolferstan (b. 1866 - d. 1957)
(acting)
1916 - 1918 G.A. Hall (acting)
1918 - 1919 George Maxwell (2nd time) (s.a.)
1919 - 1923 Malcolm Stewart Hannibal McArthur (b. 1872 - d. 1934)
1923 - 1925 William Peel (b. 1875 - d. 1945)
1925 - 1926 John Lisseter Humphreys (b. 1881 - d. 1929)
1926 - 1931 Thomas Watts Clayton (b. 1877 - d. 19...)
1931 - 1941 Julian Dudley Hall (b. 1887 - d. 1961)
Japanese governor
Mar 1942 - 1943 Sukegawa Seiji
Kelantan
bf.1465 Kelantan established
1911 Negeri Kelantan Darul Naim established
20 Aug 1943 - 8 Sep 1945 annexed by Thailand
Rajas
1794 - 1800 Tengku Muhammad Terengganu
Sa-bagai Penangku bin Mansur
1800 - 1835 Sultan Muhammad I ibni al-Marhum
Long Yunus (b. 1741 - d. 1837)
1835 - 1837 Long Jinal (regent)
1837 - 1886 Sultan Muhammad II ibni al-Marhum
Temenggong Tengku Long Lan (b. c.1794 - d. 1886)
1886 - 27 Feb 1890 Sultan Ahmad ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Muhammad (b. ... - d. 1890)
27 Feb 1890 - May 1891 Sultan Muhammad III ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Ahmad (b. 1845 - d. 1891)
May 1891 - 1891 Long Mansur ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Ahmad (regent) (b. 1870 - d. 1900)
1891 - 26 Jul 1898 Sultan Mansur ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Ahmad (s.a.)
Sultan
26 Jul 1898 - 10 Mar 1900 Mansur ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad (s.a.)
Raja
10 Mar 1900 - 22 Jun 1911 Sultan Muhammad IV ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Muhammad (b. 1870 - d. 1920)
Sultans
22 Jun 1911 - 20 Dec 1920 Muhammad IV ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Muhammad (s.a.)
20 Dec 1920 - 20 Aug 1943 Ismail ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Muhammad (b. 1880 - d. 1944)
8 Sep 1945 - 9 Jul 1960 Ibrahim ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Muhammad (b. 1897 - d. 1960)
9 Jul 1960 - 29 Mar 1979 Yahya Petra ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Ibrahim (b. 1917 - d. 1979)
21 Sep 1975 - 29 Mar 1979 Tengku Ismail Petra (regent) (b. 1949 - d. 2019)
29 Mar 1979 - 13 Sep 2010 Ismail Petra ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Yahya Petra (s.a.)
24 May 2009 - 13 Sep 2010 Tengku Muhammad Faris Petra (b. 1969)
(regent)
13 Sep 2010 - Muhammad V ibni Sultan Ismail
Petra (s.a.)
13 Dec 2016 - 6 Jan 2019 Tengku Muhammad Faiz Petra (b. 1974?)
(regent)
Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
1921 - 1944 Dato' Perdana Menteri Paduka Raja
Nik Mahmud bin Nik Ismail (b. 1880 - d. 1964)
1944 - 1953 Dato' Seri Setia Raja Nik Ahmad
Kamil bin Nik Mahmud (b. 1909 - d. 1977)
1953 - 1959 Tengku Sri Maharaja Tengku Mohd
Hamzah bin Tengku Zainal Abidin (b. 1909 - d. 1962)
1959 - 1964 Datuk Ishak Lotfi (1st time)
1964 - 1972 Datuk Mohd Asri Muda (b. 1923 - d. 1992)
1973 - 1974 Datuk Ishak Lotfi (2nd time)
1974 - Nov 1977 Datuk Mohamad Nasir (b. 1916 - d. 1997)
Nov 1977 - Mar 1978 Hashim Aman (b. 1929 - d. 2018)
(federal administrator)
Mar 1978 - 22 Oct 1990 Datuk (from 1982, Datuk Amar; from
1988, Tan Sri) Mohamed Yaacob (b. 1926 - d. 2009)
22 Oct 1990 - 6 May 2013 Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat (from 28
Mar 1995, Dato' Nik Abdul Aziz
Nik Mat) (b. 1931 - d. 2015)
6 May 2013 - 15 Aug 2023 Datuk Ahmad Yakob (b. 1950)
15 Aug 2023 - Dato' Mohd Nassuruddin Daud (b. 1965)
British advisers
1903 - 1910 Walter Armstrong Graham (b. 1868 - d. 1949)
1910 - 1913 J.S. Mason
1913 - 1917 William Langham-Carter (b. 1869 - d. 1940)
1917 - 1919 Roland John Farrer (acting) (b. 1873 - d. 1956)
1919 - 1922 Henry Wagstaffe Thomson (b. 1874 - d. 1941)
1922 - 1926 Arthur Furley Worthington (b. 1874 - d. 1964)
1926 - 1928 George Ernest Shaw (b. 1877 - d. 1958)
1928 - 1930 Reginald John Byard Clayton (b. 1875 - d. 1962)
1930 - 1933 Alwyn Sidney Haynes (b. 1878 - d. 1963)
1933 - 1940 Alan Custance Baker (b. 1885? - d. 1969)
1940 - 1941 E.T. Williams
Japanese governors
1941 - 1943 Yasushi Sunakawan
1943 Kikura Fujisawa
Thai officers
1943 - 1944 Charu Chaichan
1944 - 1945 Tharin Rawang Phu
Kuala Lumpur
1 Feb 1974 federal territory (formerly part of Selangor)
Lord mayors (title Datuk Bandar)
1 Feb 1972 - 15 May 1972 Datuk Lokman bin Yusof (b. 1910 - d. 1972)
Jul 1972 - 1 Nov 1981 Tan Sri Yaacob bin Abdul Latiff (b. 1918)
1 Nov 1981 - 17 Sep 1992 Tan Sri Elyas bin Omar (b. 1936 - d. 2018)
(acting to 1 Feb 1983)
16 Nov 1992 - 14 Dec 1995 Datuk Mazlan bin Ahmad (b. 1943 - d. 2018)
14 Dec 1995 - 14 Dec 2001 Tan Sri Kamaruzzaman Shariff (b. 1941)
14 Dec 2001 - 14 Dec 2004 Datuk Mohmad Shaid Mohd Taufek (b. 1947)
14 Dec 2004 - 14 Dec 2006 Datuk Ruslin Hasan (b. 1950)
14 Dec 2006 - 14 Dec 2008 Datuk Abdul Hakim Borhan (b. 1951)
14 Dec 2008 - 18 Jul 2012 Datuk (from 1 Feb 2010, Datuk
Seri; from 4 Jun 2011, Tan Sri)
Ahmad Fuad Ismail (b. 1953)
18 Jul 2012 - 18 Jul 2015 Datuk (from 1 Feb 2013, Datuk
Seri; from 6 Jun 2015, Tan Sri)
Ahmad Phesal Talib (b. 1954)
18 Jul 2015 - 2 Oct 2018 Datuk (from 1 Feb 2016, Datuk
Seri; from 9 Sep 2017, Tan Sri)
Mohd Amin Nordin Abdul Aziz (b. 1955)
2 Oct 2018 - 2 Oct 2020 Datuk Nor Hisham Ahmad Dahlan (b. 1956)
2 Oct 2020 - 17 Apr 2023 Datuk (from 1 Feb 2021, Datuk
Seri) Mahadi Che Ngah (b. 1959?)
17 Apr 2023 - Datuk Kamarulzaman Mat Salleh (b. 1964)
Labuan
1846 Labuan ceded to U.K. by sultan of Brunei
1848 crown colony
1 Jan 1890 administered by North Borneo (see Sabah)
1907 annexed to Straits Settlements (see Singapore)
3 Jan 1942 - 10 Jun 1945 occupied by Japan (renamed Pulau Maida)
10 Jul 1946 part of British North Borneo/Sabah
16 Apr 1984 federal territory
Governor
27 Nov 1847 - Nov 1852 James Brooke (from 27 Apr 1848,
Sir James Brooke) (b. 1803 - d. 1868)
Lieutenant governors
1848 - 1850 William Napier (b. 1804 - d. 1879)
1850 - 1856 John Scott (b. 1814 - d. 1898)
Governors
13 Feb 1856 - Jul 1861 George Warren Edwardes (b. 1802 - d. 1879)
1861 - 1866 Jeremiah Thomas Fitzgerald
Callaghan (b. 1827 - d. 1881)
1866 - 1867 Hugh Low (acting) (b. 1824 - d. 1905)
1867 - 1871 John Pope Hennessy (b. 1834 - d. 1891)
1871 - 1875 Henry Ernest Gascoyne Bulwer (from
23 Jul 1874, Sir Henry Ernest
Gascoyne Bulwer) (b. 1836 - d. 1914)
1875 - 1879 Herbert Taylor Ussher (b. 1836 - d. 1880)
1879 - 1881 Charles Cameron Lees (b. 1837 - d. 1898)
1881 - 1888 Peter Leys (acting) (b. 1851 - d. 1922)
1888 - 1890 Arthur Shirley Hamilton (acting) (b. 1848 - d. 1925)
Chairmen of the Labuan Development Authority
1 Aug 1992 - 30 Jun 2000 Tun Daim Zainuddin (b. 1938)
1 Jul 2000 - 2001 Datuk Mustapa Mohamed (b. 1950)
Chief administrators
1994?- Feb 1997 Datuk Nawawi Kamaruddin (b. 1943?)
Feb 1997 - Feb 1999 Dato' Baseri Lamsah (b. 1948)
Feb 1999 - Feb 2000 Datuk Muhammad Mohd Noor
Apr 2000 - 30 Jun 2001 Datuk Mohd Noor Moktar (b. 1948?)
Chairmen of Labuan Corporation
1 Jul 2001 - 2003 Dato' Othman Mohd Rijal (b. 1945)
Apr 2003 - 31 May 2009 Dato' Suhaili Abdul Rahman (b. 1961)
1 Jun 2009 - 30 Jun 2009 Datuk Yusof Mahal (1st time) (b. 1957)
(acting)
1 Jul 2009 - 31 May 2011 Datuk Ahmad Phesal Talib (b. 1954)
1 Jun 2011 - 30 Jun 2013 Datuk Yusof Mahal (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jul 2013 - Jun 2018 Rozman Datuk Isli (from 1 Feb
2014, Datuk Rozman Isli)
24 Oct 2018 - 30 Jun 2022 Datuk Seri Amir Hussien (b. 1971?)
7 Jul 2022 - 19 Jun 2023 Datuk Bashir Alias (b. 1966?)
19 Jun 2023 - Tan Sri Anifah Aman (b. 1953)
Malacca
Jan 1641 Dutch rule
1 Dec 1795 - 1818 British rule
1826 part of Straits Settlements (see under Singapore)
1946 part of Malaya/Malaysia
Governors
1 Jan 1697 - 24 Nov 1700 Goevert van Hoorn
24 Nov 1700 - 18 Jan 1704 Bernhard Phoonsen
18 Jan 1704 - 22 May 1704 Johan Grotenhuys (acting)
22 May 1704 - 7 Mar 1707 Karel Bolner
7 Mar 1707 - 26 Dec 1709 Pieter Rooselaar
26 Dec 1709 - 21 May 1711 Willem Six (b. 1670 - d. 1718)
21 May 1711 - 11 May 1717 Willem Moerman (b. 16... - d. 1721)
1717 - 1725 Herman van Suchtelen
1726 - 1730 Johan Frederik Gobius
1730 - 1735 Pieter Rochus Pasques de Chavonnes
1735 - 1741 Roger de Lavez
1741 - 1748 Willem Bernard Albinus
1748 - 1753 Pieter van Heemskerk
1753 - 1758 Willem Dekker
1758 - 1764 David Boelen
1764 - 1771 Thomas Schippers
1771 - 1775 Jan Crans
1775 - 1788 Pieter Gerardus de Bruijn
1788 - 1 Dec 1795 Abraham Couperus
Residents
1795 Archibald Brown (b. 17... - d. 1825)
1795 - 1796 Thomas Parr (b. 17... - d. 1807)
1796 - 1797 Richard Tolson
1797 - 1798 David Campbell (b. 1747 - d. 1828)
1798 - 1803 Aldwell Taylor
1803 - 1818 William Farquhar (b. 1770 - d. 1839)
Governors
21 Sep 1818 - 14 Jan 1823 Jan Samuel Timmerman Thijssen (b. 1782 - d. 1823)
1823 Adriaan Koek (acting) (b. 1759 - d. 1825)
1823 - 9 Apr 1825 Hendrik Stephanus van Son (b. 1796 - d. 1853)
Resident councillors
1825 Walter Sewell Cracroft (b. ... - d. 1864)
1825 - 1826 Thomas Dolman Lloyd-Davies (b. 1790 - d. 1828)
1826 Edward Presgrave (b. c.1795 - d. 1830)
1826 William Gordon Mackenzie (b. 1785 - d. 1842)
1826 - 1835 Samuel Garling (b. ... - d. 1857)
1847 - 1849 Edmund Augustus Blundell (b. 1804? - d. 1868)
18.. - 1855 William Thomas Lewis (b. 1791 - d. 1875)
1855 - 1857 Henry Man (b. 1815 - d. 1898)
1857 - 1860 Ronald MacPherson (b. 1817 - d. 1869)
1860 - 1867 ...
Lieutenant governors
1867 - 1869 William Wellington Cairns (b. 1828 - d. 1888)
1869 - 1879 Edward Wingfield Shaw (b. 1827 - d. 1879)
Resident councillors
1879 - 1883 Charles John Irving (b. 1831 - d. 1917)
1883 - 1895 Dudley Francis Amelius Hervey (b. 1849 - d. 1911)
1895 - 1897 Charles Walter Sneyd-Kynnersley (b. 1849 - d. 1904)
1897 - 1898 Adelbert P. Talbot (b. 1845 - d. 1920)
1898 - 1904 James Kortright Birch (b. 1850 - d. 19...)
1904 - 1905 Frederick Gordon Penney (b. 1856? - d. 1928)
1905 - 1907 Robert Norman Bland (b. 1859 - d. 1948)
1907 - 1910 William Evans (b. 1860 - d. 1936)
Residents
1910 - 1920 ...
Resident councillors
1921 - 1922 Littleton Edward Pipe-Wolferstan (b. 1866 - d. 1957)
1922 - 1925 William Langham-Carter (b. 1869 - d. 1940)
1925 - 1926 Ralph Scott (b. 1874 - d. 19...)
1926 - 1928 Meadows Frost (b. 1875 - d. 1954)
1928 - 1930 Bertram Walter Elles (b. 1877 - d. 1963)
1930 C.F.J. Green
1930 - 1932 William Miles Millington (b. 1883 - d. 19...)
1932 - 1933 C.H.G. Clarke
1934 - 1936 George William Bryant
1936 - 1941 James Startin Wills Arthur (b. 1881 - d. 19...)
Japanese governors
1942 - 1944 Ken Tsurumi
1944 - 1945 Takeo Kinukawa
Resident commissioners
1946 - 1947 Edward Victor Grace Day (b. 1896 - d. 1968)
1947 - 1951 John Falconer (b. 1898 - d. ...)
1951 - 1954 George Evan Cameron Wisdom (b. 1899 - d. 1958)
1954 - 1957 Harold George Hammett (b. 1906 - d. 1999)
Governors
31 Aug 1957 - 31 Aug 1959 Leong Yew Koh (from 1958, Tun
Leong Yew Koh) (b. 1888 - d. 1963)
31 Aug 1959 - 31 Aug 1971 Tun Abdul Malek bin Yusuf (b. 1899 - d. 1977)
31 Aug 1971 - 11 May 1975 Tan Sri (from 1972, Tun) Abdul
Aziz bin Abdul Majid (b. 1908 - d. 1975)
23 May 1975 - 4 Dec 1984 Tan Sri (from 1976, Tun) Syed
Zahiruddin bin Syed Hassan (b. 1918 - d. 2013)
4 Dec 1984 - 4 Jun 2004 Tan Sri (from 1987, Tun) Syed
Ahmad Shahabuddin (b. 1925 - d. 2008)
4 Jun 2004 - 5 Jun 2020 Tan Sri (from 28 Jul 2004, Tun)
Mohd Khalil Yaakob (b. 1937)
5 Jun 2020 - Tun Mohd Ali Rustam (b. 1949)
Chief ministers (title Ketua Menteri)
31 Aug 1957 - 1 Jun 1959 Datuk Kurnia Jasa Othman bin Talib
1 Jun 1959 - 6 Oct 1967 Abdul Ghafar Baba (b. 1925 - d. 2006)
6 Oct 1967 - 1 Aug 1972 Datuk Talib bin Karim (b. 1911 - d. 1977)
1 Aug 1972 - 11 Jul 1978 Datuk Setia Abdul Ghani Ali (b. 1923? - d. 2004)
11 Jul 1978 - 26 Apr 1982 Mohd Adib Adam (b. 1941 - d. 2022)
26 Apr 1982 - 14 Oct 1994 Rahim Thamby Chik (from 1983,
Dato' Rahim Thamby Chik; from
1984, Datuk Seri Rahim Thamby
Chik; from 1990, Tan Sri Rahim
Thamby Chik) (b. 1950)
14 Oct 1994 - 14 May 1997 Datuk (from 14 Oct 1995, Datuk
Seri) Mohd Zin Abdul Ghani (b. 1941 - d. 1997)
(acting to 2 Dec 1994)
23 May 1997 - 2 Dec 1999 Datuk (from 11 Oct 1997, Datuk
Seri) Abu Zahar Isnin (b. 1939 - d. 2013)
2 Dec 1999 - 7 May 2013 Datuk Wira (from 13 Oct 2001,
Datuk Seri) Mohd Ali Rustam (s.a.)
7 May 2013 - 11 May 2018 Datuk (from 11 Oct 2013, Datuk
Seri) Idris Haron (b. 1966)
11 May 2018 - 2 Mar 2020 Adly Zahari (b. 1971)
9 Mar 2020 - 31 Mar 2023 Datuk (from 24 Aug 2020, Datuk
Seri) Sulaiman Md Ali (b. 1965)
31 Mar 2023 - Datuk Seri Ab Rauf Yusoh (b. 1961)
Naning
1641 state of Naning founded
1832 annexed by U.K. to Malacca
Rulers (title Maharaja Lela)
... - 1801 Datuk Anjak
1801 - 1832 Datuk Abdul Saiyid
Negeri Sembilan
1773 Negeri Sembilan (a confederation of nine states)
established
1876 state reduced and renamed Sri Menanti
1897 Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus reestablished
Rulers, with the title Yang di-Pertuan Besar
1773 - 1795 Sultan Mahmud ibni Sultan Abdul
Jalil (b. ... - d. 1795)
1795 - 1808 Raja Hitam (b. 17... - d. 1808)
1808 - 1824 Raja Lenggang Laut (b. ... - d. 1824)
1824 Raja Radin ibni Raja Lenggang Laut
(1st time) (b. c.1823 - d. 1861)
1824 - 1826 Raja Kerjan (regent) (b. ... - d. 1844)
1826 - 30 Nov 1831 Yamtuan Sati
30 Nov 1831 - 1833 Raja Radin ibni Raja Lenggang Laut
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1833 - 1836 Raja Ali bin Daeng Alampaki (b. ... - d. 1850)
1836 - 1861 Raja Radin ibni Raja Lenggang Laut
(3rd time) (s.a.)
1861 - 1869 Yamtuan Ulin (b. ... - d. 1869)
1869 - 22 Oct 1888 Tengku Antah ibni Yamtuan Radin (b. ... - d. 1888)
1869 - 1872 Tuanku Ampuan Intan (f) (regent)
22 Oct 1888 - 1 Aug 1933 Tuanku Muhammad ibni al-Marhum
Yamtuan Antah (b. 1865 - d. 1933)
3 Aug 1933 - 1 Apr 1960 Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni
al-Marhum Yamtuan Muhammad (b. 1895 - d. 1960)
31 Aug 1957 - 1 Apr 1960 Tunku Munawir (regent) (b. 1922 - d. 1967)
5 Apr 1960 - 14 Apr 1967 Tuanku Laksman Munawir ibni
al-Marhum Yamtuan Abdul Rahman (s.a.)
19 Apr 1967 - 27 Dec 2008 Tuanku Jaafar ibni al-Marhum
Yamtuan Abdul Rahman (b. 1922 - d. 2008)
26 Apr 1994 - 25 Apr 1999 Tunku Naquiyuddin (regent) (b. 1947)
29 Dec 2008 - Tuanku Mukhriz ibni al-Marhum
Tuanku Munawir (b. 1948)
Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
1 Feb 1948 - 11 Aug 1950 Abdul Malek bin Yusuf (1st time)
11 Aug 1950 - 1 Jan 1951 Mohamad Salleh bin Sulaiman
1 Jan 1951 - 15 Apr 1952 Abdul Malek bin Yusuf (2nd time)
15 Apr 1952 - 1 Oct 1952 Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Majid (b. 1908 - d. 1975)
1 Oct 1952 - 1 Oct 1953 Abdul Malek bin Yusuf (3rd time)
1 Oct 1953 - 31 Jan 1959 Shamsuddin bin Nain
1 Apr 1959 - 23 Jun 1959 Mohamad Shariff bin Abdul Samad
23 Jun 1959 - 10 May 1969 Mohamad Said bin Mohamad (b. 1907 - d. 1996)
10 May 1969 - 12 Jul 1978 Mansor Othman (b. 1924 - d. 1999)
12 Jul 1978 - 29 Apr 1982 Dato' Rais Yatim (b. 1942)
29 Apr 1982 - 25 Mar 2004 Mohamed Isa Abdul Samad (from 14
Jun 1982, Dato' Mohamed Isa Abdul
Samad; from 5 Jun 1991, Tan Sri
Mohamed Isa Abdul Samad) (b. 1949)
25 Mar 2004 - 12 May 2018 Datuk (from 19 Jul 2004, Datuk
Seri) Mohamad Hasan (b. 1956)
12 May 2018 - Aminuddin Harun (from 14 Jan 2019,
Datuk Seri Aminuddin Harun) (b. 1967)
British residents
1888 - 1891 Martin Lister (1st time) (b. 1857 - d. 1897)
1891 - 1894 W.F.B. Paul
1894 - 1895 Robert Norman Bland (b. 1859 - d. 1948)
1895 - 1897 Martin Lister (2nd time) (s.a.)
1898 - 1901 Ernest Birch (b. 1857 - d. 1929)
1901 - 1902 Henry Conway Belfield (b. 1855 - d. 1923)
1902 - 1903 Walter Egerton (b. 1858 - d. 1947)
1904 - 1910 Douglas Graham Campbell (b. 1867 - d. 1918)
1910 - 1911 Richard James Wilkinson (b. 1867 - d. 1941)
1912 - 1919 Arthur Henry Lemon (b. 1864 - d. 1933)
1919 - 1921 John Richard Oliver Aldworth (b. 1866 - d. 19...)
(acting)
1921 - 1925 Edward Shaw Hose (b. 1871 - d. 1946)
1925 - 1928 Ernest Charteris Holford Wolff (b. 1875 - d. 1946)
1928 - 1932 James William Simmons (b. 1877 - d. 19...)
1932 - 1937 John Whitehouse Ward Hughes (b. 1882 - d. 19...)
1937 - 1939 Gordon Lupton Ham (b. 1885 - d. 1965)
1939 - 1941 John Vincent Cowgill (b. 1888 - d. 1959)
As noted, Negeri Sembilan ("Nine States") is nominally a confederation of several (originally nine) states. The six surviving states, with an occasional subsidiary state, are recorded below. The premier state (whose ruler substitutes during vacancies in the office of Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan) is Sungai Ujong.
Inas
c.1750 Luak Inas (also called Jelai) founded
Rulers (title Undang Luak Inas)
... - ... Embun Serin (f)
... - ... Bayan
... - 1810 Datuk Rambutan Jantan
1810 - ... Datuk Nuri
... - ... Mantik
... - ... Cenderong
... - ... Sohat
... - ... Biong
... - ... Omar
... - 1915 Sulung
1915 - 1930* Ujang bin Cepus
19.. - 19.. Abdul Ghani bin Layar
19.. - 19.. Bacik bin Abdul Rahman
1957 - 1966* Rentah bin Takin
Jelebu
1757 ruler of Luak Jelebu adopts style of sultan
1820 - 1886 parallel government headed by a Yang di-Pertuan Muda Jelebu
Sultans and rulers (title Undang Luak Jelebu)
1757 - ... Datuk Moyang Saleh
... - ... Datuk Bukor
... - ... Datuk Bakul
... - ... Datuk Yunus
... - ... Datuk Lob
... - ... Datuk Duraman
*1820* Datuk Penghulu Rangga Ali Tua Tuk
Gila "Durongga"
18.. - 18.. Datuk Pandak
18.. - 18.. Datuk Mahmud = Kulup Tunggal
18.. - 18.. Datuk Ibrahim
*1883 - 1902 Datuk Saiyid Ali
1902 - Aug 1945 Datuk Abdullah ibni Panglima Muda (b. ... - d. 1945)
1945 - Dec 1962 Datuk Shamaruddin ibni Abdul
Rahman (b. 1903? - d. 1962)
1962 - 1966 Datuk Othman ibni Baginda (acting) (b. 1911 - d. ...)
1966 - 20 Nov 1979 Datuk Abu Bakar (b. ... - d. 1979)
4 Feb 1980 - 11 Sep 2014 Datuk Musa bin Wahab (b. 1937 - d. 2014)
20 Dec 2018 - Datuk Maarof Mat Rashad (b. 1957)
Rulers (title Yang di-Pertuan Muda Jelebu)
1820 - 18.. Tengku Ahmad Shah bin Singkul
18.. - c.1872 Tengku Jaya bin Sabun (b. ... - d. c.1872)
c.1872 - 1875 Tengku Etet bin Jaya (b. ... - d. 1875)
1875 - 13 Dec 1884 Tengku Abdullah bin Radin (b. ... - d. 1884)
Dec 1884 - Mar 1886 Tengku Nambul bin Abdullah
Jempol
c.1750 Luak Jempol founded, under suzerainty of Jelebu
Rulers (title Datuk Penghulu)
... - ... Daim
... - ... Cap
... - ... Rial
... - ... Matik
*1839* Hasan
... - ... Johan
... - 1916 Shukul
1916 - 19.. Abdul Wahab
*1966* Sulaiman bin Abdullah
Johol
1723 State of Pasir Besar renamed Luak Johol
Rulers (title Undang Luak Johol)
1723 - 1747 Datuk Putri Setiawan I (f)
1747 - c.1760 Datuk Rambut Panjang (f) (b. ... - d. c.1760)
c.1760 - c.1790 Datuk Putri Setiawan II (f) (b. ... - d. c.1790)
c.1790 - c.1810 Datuk Rambutan Jantan
c.1810 - c.1820 Datuk Nuri
c.1820 - c.1840 Datuk Abubakar Buncit = Gubah
c.1840 - 1900 Datuk Saeto (b. 1810? - d. 1900)
1901 - Feb 1918 Datuk Wan Omar bin Wan Hasan (b. ... - d. 1918)
Mar 1918 - 14 Aug 1947 Datuk Kamat bin Sulaiman (b. 1880 - d. 1947)
Oct 1947 - 10 Oct 1973 Datuk Abdul Manap bin Tolok (b. 1907 - d. 1973)
10 Oct 1973 - 4 Apr 1985 Datuk Abdul Majid bin Abdul Wahid (b. 1902 - d. 1985)
4 Apr 1985 - 29 Sep 1988 Datuk Abdul Rahman bin Mat Som (b. 1909 - d. 1988)
29 Sep 1988 - 13 Mar 2007 Datuk Abdul bin Ali (b. 1923 - d. 2007)
13 Mar 2007 - Aug 2016 Datuk Mohd Jan bin Abdul Ghani (b. 1940)
15 Dec 2016 - Datuk Muhammad bin Abdullah (b. 1966)
Ulu Muar
c.1750 Luak Ulu Muar founded, under suzerainty of Johol
Rulers (title Datuk Penghulu Luak Ulu Muar)
... - 177. Datuk Naam bin Khatib Akhir
177. - ... Datuk Mindek
... - ... Datuk Mopeng
... - ... Datuk Ajong
... - ... Datuk Jaalam
... - ... Datuk Talun
*1824 - 1839* Datuk Bongkok Abdul Malik
... - ... Datuk Sidin
1910 - 19.. Datuk Hashim
*1966* Datuk Jailani
*2009 - Datuk Mansor Yusof
Rembau
1540 Luak Rembau founded
1798 - 1836 parallel government headed by a Yang di-Pertuan Muda Rembau
Rulers (title Undang Luak Rembau)
c.1690 - c.1725 Datuk Sedia Raja Kurup
c.1725 - c.1750 Datuk Sedia Raja Sabat
c.1750 - c.1790 Datuk Lela Maharaja Lulinsoh
c.1790 - c.1795 Datuk Sedia Raja Pekak
c.1795 - 1812 Datuk Lela Maharaja Kusil bin Uban
1812 - 1819 Datuk Sedia Raja Bogok (b. ... - d. 1819)
1819 - 1843 Datuk Lela Maharaja Nganit
1843 - 1872 Datuk Sedia Raja Akhir
1872 - 1883 Datuk Lela Maharaja Sahil
1883 - 1905 Datuk Sedia Raja Serun bin Saidin (b. ... - d. 1905)
1905 - 1922 Datuk Lela Maharaja Sulung bin
Miah (b. ... - d. 1922)
1922 - 1938 Datuk Sedia Raja Abdullah bin
Dahan (b. ... - d. 1938)
1938 - Dec 1962 Datuk Lela Maharaja Ipap bin
Abdullah (b. ... - d. 1962)
19 Jan 1963 - 1998 Datuk Sedia Raja Adnan bin Maah (b. 1931 - d. 1998)
21 Nov 1998 - Datuk Lela Maharaja Muhammad bin
Sharif Othman (b. 1941)
Rulers (title Yang di-Pertuan Muda Rembau)
1798 - 1813 Raja Asil (b. ... - d. bf.1824)
(later named Sultan Muhammad Shah)
1813 - 13 Sep 1832 Raja Ali bin Daeng Alampaki (b. ... - d. 1850)
13 Sep 1832 - 1836 Saiyid Shaaban ibn Saiyid Ibrahim
al-Qadri (b. ... - d. 1872)
Gunung Pasir
c.1750 Luak Gunung Pasir founded, under suzerainty of Rembau
Rulers (title Penghulu Luak Gunung Pasir)
... - ... Meshit
... - ... Tuakal
... - ... Mantik
... - ... Budin
... - ... Malik
... - ... Uteh
... - ... Alam
... - ... Kandak
... - ... Pacoh = Mentadoh
... - ... Lahu
... - ... Muhammad Amin
*1920* Basir
*1966* Shamsuddin bin Bahali
... - 29 Jan 2011 Harun Bidin (b. ... - d. 2011)
25 Jun 2011 - Hanizam Harun (b. 1963)
Sungai Ujong
bf.1700 Luak Sungai Ujong founded
Rulers (title Penghulu Mentri)
... - ... Datuk Penghulu Kadim
... - ... Datuk Penghulu Pandak
... - c.1760 Datuk Penghulu Chantak
= Rumah Gadong
Rulers (title Undang Luak Sungai Ujong)
c.1760 - c.1780 Datuk Bador
c.1780 - c.1800 Datuk Leha
c.1800 - c.1824 Datuk Bahi
c.1824 - c.1850 Datuk Kawal (b. ... - d. c.1850)
c.1850 - 1873 Datuk Sendeng (b. ... - d. 1873)
1873 - 1881 Datuk Saiyid Abdul Rahman bin
Ahmad al-Qadri (b. ... - d. 1881)
1881 - 1889 Datuk Lela Setia Muhammad Yusof
bin Hashim
1891 - 15 Dec 1945 Datuk Maamor bin Kasim (b. 1880 - d. 1945)
26 Mar 1946 - 23 Oct 1983 Datuk Muhammad Kasim ibni Datuk
Andika Abdul Rahim (b. 1904 - d. 1983)
29 Dec 1993 - Datuk Mubarak bin Thahak (b. 1961)
Teraci
c.1750 Luak Teraci founded, under suzerainty of Sungai Ujong
Rulers (title Penghulu Luak Teraci)
... - ... Ahmad bin Mantris Maharaja
... - ... Tengkis
... - ... Tuk "Pecat"
... - ... Dato
... - ... Linsoh
*1839* Sulung
... - ... Said
... - ... Adil
... - 1919 Jaal
1919 - 19.. Sohor
19.. - 19.. Arifin
19.. - 19.. Ujang bin Yahya
*1966* Lebai Hussin
Tampin
1832 Luak Tampin founded
Rulers (title from 1883 Tunku Besar Tampin)
13 Sep 1832 - 1850 Raja Ali bin Daeng Alampaki (b. c.1780 - d. 1850)
1850 - 1872 Saiyid Shaaban ibni Saiyid Ibrahim
al-Qadri (b. ... - d. 1872)
1872 - 1894 Saiyid Abdul Hamid ibni Saiyid
Shaaban al-Qadri (b. ... - d. 1894)
1894 - ... Saiyid Dewa ibni Saiyid Abdul
Hamid al-Qadri
... - ... Saiyid Akil ibni Saiyid Dewa
al-Qadri
... - May 1929 Saiyid Muhammad ibni Saiyid Dewa
al-Qadri (b. ... - d. 1929)
May 1929 - 26 Dec 2005 Saiyid Idris ibni Saiyid Muhammad
al-Qadri (b. 1927 - d. 2005)
1929 - 21 Dec 1945 Sharifah Leng bint Saiyid Abdul
Hamid (f) (regent)
26 Dec 2005 - Saiyid Razman ibni Saiyid Idris
al-Qadri (b. 1962)
Pahang
1460 Negeri Pahang Darul Makmur established
1770 - 1882 nominally under suzerainty of Johor
Rulers, with the title Bendahara Seri Maharaja
1770 - 1802 Tun Abdul Majid bin Tun Hasan (b. 1718 - d. 1802)
1802 - 1803 Tun Muhammad bin Tun Abdul Majid (b. 17... - d. 1803)
1803 - 1806 Tun Koris bin Tun Abdul Majid (b. 17... - d. 1806)
1806 - 1857 Tun Ali bin Tun Koris (b. 1782 - d. 1857)
1857 - 30 May 1863 Tun Muhammad Tahir bin Tun Ali (b. 1813 - d. 1863)
30 May 1863 - 3 Jun 1863 Muda Koris bin Tun Muhammad Tahir (b. 18... - d. 1863)
10 Jun 1863 - 6 Aug 1882 Tun Ahmad bin Tun Ali (b. 1836 - d. 1914)
Sultans
6 Aug 1882 - 3 Apr 1909 Ahmad al-Muadzam Shah ibni
al-Marhum Tun Ali (s.a.)
3 Apr 1909 - 19 Jun 1917 Mahmud Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Ahmad al-Muadzam Shah (b. 1868 - d. 1917)
19 Jun 1917 - 23 Jun 1932 Abdullah al-Mutasim Billah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad al-Muadzam
Shah (b. 1874 - d. 1932)
23 Jun 1932 - 7 May 1974 Abu Bakar Riayatuddin al-Muadzam
Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Abdullah (b. 1904 - d. 1974)
7 May 1974 - 15 Jan 2019 Ahmad Shah al-Mustain Billah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Abu Bakar
Riayatuddin al-Muadzam Shah (b. 1930 - d. 2019)
29 Mar 1979 - 25 Apr 1984 Tengku Abdullah (regent) (b. 1959)
15 Jan 2019 - Abdullah Riayatuddin al-Mustafa
Billah Shah ibni (from 22 May
2019, al-Marhum) Sultan Ahmad Shah (s.a.)
31 Jan 2019 - 31 Jan 2024 Tengku Hassanal (regent) (b. 1995)
Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
1 Feb 1948 - 1 Feb 1951 Dato' Setia Wangsa Sir Mahmud bin
Mat
1 Feb 1951 - 1 Feb 1955 Tengku Panglima Perang Tengku
Mohamad ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Ahmad (1st time)
1 Feb 1955 - 15 Jun 1955 Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar Abdul
Razak bin Hussein (b. 1922 - d. 1976)
15 Jun 1955 - 8 Jan 1957 Tengku Panglima Perang Tengku
Muhamad ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Ahmad (2nd time)
9 Jan 1957 - 18 Jul 1959 Datuk Kurnia Paduka Raja Abdullah
bin Tok Muda Ibrahim
18 Jul 1959 - 5 May 1964 Orang Kaya Indera Pahlawan Wan
Abdul Aziz bin Ungku Abdullah
5 May 1964 - 1 Sep 1972 Dato' Pentara Raja Tan Sri Yahaya
bin Mohd Seh
1 Sep 1972 - 18 Jul 1978 Datuk Seri Mohamad bin Jusoh
19 Jul 1978 - 7 Nov 1981 Datuk Abdul Rahim bin Abu Bakar (b. 1943 - d. 2009)
11 Nov 1981 - 4 May 1982 Datuk Abdul Rashid bin Abdul
Rahman (b. 1938? - d. 2018)
4 May 1982 - 14 Aug 1986 Dato' (from 24 Oct 1985, Dato'
Seri) Najib Tun Razak (b. 1953)
14 Aug 1986 - 20 May 1999 Dato' (from 24 Oct 1987, Dato'
Seri; from 24 Apr 1989, Tan Sri)
Mohd Khalil Yaakob (b. 1937)
20 May 1999 - 15 May 2018 Dato' (from 24 Oct 1999, Dato'
Seri; from 9 Oct 2004, Datuk Seri)
Adnan Yaakob (b. 1950)
15 May 2018 - Datuk Seri Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail (b. 1957?)
British residents
1888 - 1896 John Pickersgill Rodger (b. 1851 - d. 1910)
1896 - 1900 Hugh Clifford (1st time) (b. 1866 - d. 1941)
1900 - 1901 Arthur Butler (b. 18... - d. 1901)
1901 D.H. Wise (acting)
1901 - 1903 Hugh Clifford (2nd time) (s.a.)
1905 - 1908 Cecil Wray
1908 - 1909 Harvey Chevallier (acting)
1909 - 1910 Edward Lewis Brockman (b. 1865 - d. 1943)
1910 - 1911 Warren Delabere Barnes (b. 1865 - d. 19...)
1911 - 1917 Edward John Brewster (b. 1861 - d. 1931)
1917 - 1921 Cecil William Chase Parr (b. 1871 - d. 1943)
1921 - 1922 F.A.S. McClelland (acting) (b. 1873 - d. 1947)
1922 - 1926 Henry Wagstaffe Thomson (b. 1874 - d. 1941)
1926 - 1929 Arthur Furley Worthington (b. 1874 - d. 1964)
1929 - 1930 C.F.J. Green
1931 - 1935 Hugh Goodwin Russell Leonard (b. 1880 - d. 19...)
1935 - 1941 C.C. Brown
Penang
11 Aug 1786 British colony (Prince of Wales Island)
1826 part of Straits Settlements (see under Singapore)
1946 part of Malaya/Malaysia
Superintendents (of the British East India Company)
11 Aug 1786 - 21 Oct 1794 Francis Light (b. 1740 - d. 1794)
1794 - 1795 Philip Mannington
1795 - 1799 Forbes Ross MacDonald (b. ... - d. 1799)
Lieutenant governors
1799 - 1804 Sir George Leith (b. 1766 - d. 1842)
1804 - 1805 Robert Townsend Farquhar (b. 1776 - d. 1830)
Governors
1805 - 1807 Philip Dundas (b. 17... - d. 1807)
1807 - 1810 Norman Macalister
1810 Charles Andrew Bruce (b. 1768 - d. 1810)
1810 - 1812 William Edward Phillips (1st time) (b. 1769 - d. 18...)
1812 - 1816 William Petrie (b. 17... - d. 1816)
1816 - 1817 William Edward Phillips (2nd time) (s.a.)
1817 - 8 Aug 1819 John Alexander Bannerman (b. 1758 - d. 1819)
1819 - 1824 William Edward Phillips (3rd time) (s.a.)
20 Aug 1824 - 1826 Robert Fullerton (b. 1773 - d. 1831)
Resident councillors
1849 - 1855 Edmund Augustus Blundell (b. 1804? - d. 1868)
1855 - 1860 William Thomas Lewis (b. 1791 - d. 1875)
1860 - 1867 Henry Man (b. 1815 - d. 1898)
Lieutenant governor
1867 - 1883 Archibald Edward Harbord Anson (b. 1826 - d. 1925)
Resident councillors
1883 - 1887 Charles John Irving (b. 1831 - d. 1917)
1887 - 1897 Allan Maclean Skinner (b. 1846 - d. 1901)
1894 - 1895 Francis James Anderson (acting) (b. 18... - d. 1920)
1897 - 11 Jul 1904 Charles Walter Sneyd-Kynnersley (b. 1849 - d. 1904)
1904 - 1907 James Kortright Birch (b. 1850 - d. 19...)
1907 - 1910 Robert Norman Bland (b. 1859 - d. 1948)
1910 - 1914 William Evans (b. 1860 - d. 1936)
1914 - 1917 Alfred T. Bryant
1917 - 1919 Walter Cecil Michell (b. 1864 - d. 1939)
1919 - 1922 Gilbert A. Hall
1922 - 1925 Arthur Blennerhassett Voules (b. 1870 - d. 1954)
1925 - 1926 William Peel (b. 1875 - d. 1945)
1926 - 1928 Ralph Scott (b. 1874 - d. 19...)
1928 - 1930 Meadows Frost (b. 1875 - d. 1954)
1930 - 1931 Edward Wilmot Francis Gilman (b. 1876 - d. 1955)
May 1931 - 1933 Percy Tothill Allen (b. 1878 - d. 19...)
(acting to Aug 1931)
1933 - 1941 Arthur Mitchell Goodman (b. 1886 - d. 1961)
Japanese governors
Dec 1941 - 1942 Shotaro Katayama
1942 - 1944 Masakichi Itami
1944 S. Ikagawa
1944 - 1945 Seiichiro Shinohara
British military governors
1945 Peter Dicken Cracroft (b. 1907 - d. 2003)
1945 - 1946 Thomas John Norman Hilken (b. 1901 - d. 1969)
Resident commissioners
1946 Norman Grice (b. 1893 - d. ...)
May 1946 - 1948 Sydney Noel King (b. 1897 - d. ...)
1948 George Evan Cameron Wisdom (b. 1899 - d. 1958)
(acting)
1948 - 1951 Arthur Vincent Aston (b. 1896 - d. 1981)
1951 - 31 Aug 1957 Robert Porter Bingham (b. 1903 - d. 1982)
Heads of State (title Yang di-Pertua Negeri)
31 Aug 1957 - 30 Aug 1967 Raja Sir Tun Uda Al-Haj bin Raja
Muhammad (b. 1894 - d. 1976)
31 Aug 1967 - 31 Jan 1969 Tun Syed Sheh bin Syed Abdullah
Shahabuddin (b. 1910 - d. 1969)
5 Feb 1969 - 5 Feb 1975 Dato' (from 1970, Tun) Syed Sheh
Hassan Barakbah (b. 1906 - d. 1975)
5 Feb 1975 - 1 May 1981 Tan Sri (from Jun 1976, Tun)
Sardon Jubir (b. 1917 - d. 1985)
1 May 1981 - 1 May 1989 Tun Awang Hassan (b. 1910 - d. 1998)
1 May 1989 - 1 May 2001 Tan Sri (from 7 Jun 1989, Tun)
Hamdan Sheikh Tahir (b. 1921 - d. 2005)
1 May 2001 - 1 May 2021 Dato' Seri (from 9 Jul 2001, Tun)
Abdul Rahman Abbas (b. 1938)
1 May 2021 - Tun Ahmad Fuzi Abdul Razak (b. 1949)
Chief ministers (title Ketua Menteri)
31 Aug 1957 - 12 May 1969 Wong Pow Nee (from 31 Aug 1958,
Dato' Wong Pow Nee; from 12 Apr
1966, Tan Sri Wong Pow Nee) (b. 1911 - d. 2002)
12 May 1969 - 25 Oct 1990 Lim Chong Eu (b. 1919 - d. 2010)
25 Oct 1990 - 11 Mar 2008 Koh Tsu Koon (from 3 Jun 1995,
Tan Sri Koh Tsu Koon) (b. 1949)
11 Mar 2008 - 14 May 2018 Lim Guan Eng (b. 1960)
14 May 2018 - Chow Kon Yeow (b. 1958)
Perak
1528 Negeri Perak Darur Ridzwan established
Sultans
Sep 1792 - 1806 Ahmadin Shah ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Muhammad Shah (b. ... - d. 1806)
1806 - 1818 Abdul Malik Mansur Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Ahmadin Shah (b. ... - d. 1825)
1818 - 1825 Raja Tajuddin ibni Sultan Abdul
Malik Mansur Shah (regent)
1825 - 20 Dec 1830 Abdullah Muadzam Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Abdul Malik
Mansur Shah (b. ... - d. 1830)
20 Dec 1830 - 1851 Shahabuddin Riayat Shah ibni
al-Marhum Raja Inu (b. ... - d. 1851)
1851 - 1857 Abdullah Muhammad Shah I
ibni al-Marhum Raja Inu (b. ... - d. 1857)
1857 - 20 Mar 1865 Jaafar Safiuddin Muadzam Shah
ibni al-Marhum Raja Ahmad (b. ... - d. 1865)
20 Mar 1865-25/26May 1871 Ali al-Mukammal Inayat Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Shahabuddin
Riayat Shah (b. ... - d. 1871)
26 May 1871 - 20 Jan 1874 Ismail Muabidin Riayat Shah ibni
al-Marhum Syed Shaikh al-Khairat (b. ... - d. 1889)
20 Jan 1874 - 30 Mar 1877 Abdullah Muhammad Shah II
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Jaafar
Safiuddin Muadzam Shah (b. ... - d. 1922)
30 Mar 1877 - 26 Jul 1887 Tuanku Yusuf Sharifuddin Muzaffar
Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Abdullah Muhammad Shah (b. ... - d. 1887)
(regent to 11 May 1887)
26 Jul 1887 - 14 Jan 1916 Tuanku Idris Murshidul Aadzam Shah
ibni al-Marhum Raja Bendahara
Alang Iskandar (b. 1849 - d. 1916)
14 Jan 1916 - 26 Oct 1918 Tuanku Abdul Jalil Nasruddin
Muhtaram Shah ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Idris Murshidul Aadzam Shah (b. 18... - d. 1918)
26 Oct 1918 - 14 Oct 1938 Tuanku Iskandar Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Idris Murshidul
Aadzam Shah (b. 1881 - d. 1938)
14 Oct 1938 - 29 Mar 1948 Tuanku Abdul Aziz al-Mutasim
Billah Shah ibni al-Marhum Raja
Muda Musa (b. 1887 - d. 1948)
31 Mar 1948 - 4 Jan 1963 Tuanku Yusuf Izzuddin Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Abdul Jalil
Nasruddin Muhtaram Shah (b. 1890 - d. 1963)
4 Jan 1963 - 31 Jan 1984 Tuanku Idris al-Mutawakkil Alallah
Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Iskandar Shah Kadasaullah (b. 1924 - d. 1984)
3 Feb 1984 - 28 May 2014 Tuanku Azlan Muhibuddin Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Yusuf Izzuddin
Shah Ghafarullahu-Lah (b. 1928 - d. 2014)
26 Apr 1989 - 25 Apr 1994 Raja Nazrin (1st time) (regent) (b. 1956)
28 Jan 2008 - 29 May 2014 Raja Nazrin (2nd time) (regent) (s.a.)
29 May 2014 - Tuanku Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Azlan Muhibuddin
Shah (s.a.)
Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
1 Feb 1948 - 1 Aug 1957 Abdul Wahab bin Toh Muda Abdul
Aziz (b. 1905 - d. 1959)
1 Aug 1957 - 16 Apr 1960 Mohamed Ghazali bin Jawi
(1st time) (b. 1924 - d. 1982)
16 Apr 1960 - 7 May 1964 Shaari bin Shafie (b. 1912)
7 May 1964 - 18 Mar 1970 Ahmad bin Said (b. 1919)
18 Mar 1970 - 4 Sep 1974 Kamaruddin bin Mohd Isa (b. 1930)
4 Sep 1974 - 1 Oct 1977 Mohamed Ghazali bin Jawi
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Oct 1977 - 1 Mar 1983 Wan Mohamed bin Wan Teh (b. 1929)
1 Mar 1983 - 3 Dec 1999 Ramli Ngah Talib (from May 1984,
Dato' Seri Ramli Ngah Talib; from
7 Jun 1989, Tan Sri Ramli Ngah
Talib) (b. 1941)
3 Dec 1999 - 17 Mar 2008 Dato' Seri (from 11 Oct 2003,
Datuk Seri) Mohd Tajol Rosli
Ghazali (b. 1944)
17 Mar 2008 - 6 Feb 2009 Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin (from
19 Apr 2008, Datuk Seri Mohammad
Nizar Jamaluddin) (1st time) (b. 1957)
6 Feb 2009 - 11 May 2009 Dato' (from 19 Apr 2009, Datuk
Seri) Zambry Abdul Kadir
(1st time) (b. 1962)
11 May 2009 - 12 May 2009 Datuk Seri Mohammad Nizar
Jamaluddin (2nd time) (s.a.)
12 May 2009 - 12 May 2018 Datuk Seri Zambry Abdul Kadir
(2nd time) (s.a.)
12 May 2018 - 10 Dec 2020 Ahmad Faizal Azumu (from 4 Nov
2018, Datuk Seri Ahmad Faizal
Azumu) (b. 1970)
10 Dec 2020 - Datuk (from 5 Nov 2021, Datuk
Seri) Saarani Mohamad (b. 1961)
British residents
4 Nov 1874 - 2 Nov 1875 James Wheeler Woodford Birch (b. 1826 - d. 1875)
Mar 1876 - Feb 1877 James Guthrie Davidson
1877 - 1889 Hugh Low (from 24 May 1883,
Sir Hugh Low) (b. 1824 - d. 1905)
1889 - 1896 Frank Athelstane Swettenham (b. 1850 - d. 1946)
1896 - 1902 William Hood Treacher (b. 1849 - d. 1919)
1902 - 1903 John Pickersgill Rodger (b. 1851 - d. 1910)
1904 - 1910 Ernest Birch (b. 1857 - d. 1929)
1910 - 1912 Henry Conway Belfield (b. 1855 - d. 1923)
1912 - 1913 William James Parke Hume
(1st time) (acting) (b. 1866 - d. 1952)
1913 - 1919 Reginald George Watson (b. 1862 - d. 1926)
1919 - 1920 George Maxwell (b. 1871 - d. 1959)
1920 - 1921 William James Parke Hume
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1921 - 1926 Cecil William Chase Parr (b. 1871 - d. 1943)
1926 - 1927 Oswald Francis Gerard Stonor (b. 1872 - d. 1940)
1927 - 1929 Henry Wagstaffe Thomson (b. 1874 - d. 1941)
1929 - 1930 Charles Walter Hamilton Cochrane (b. 1876 - d. 1932)
1931 - 1932 Bertram Walter Elles (b. 1877 - d. 1963)
1932 - 1939 Geoffrey Edmund Cator (b. 1884 - d. 1973)
1939 - 1941 Marcus Rex (b. 1886 - d. 1971)
Perlis
1759 Negeri Perlis Indera Kayangan established
20 Aug 1943 - 8 Sep 1945 annexed by Thailand
Rajas
20 May 1834 - 21 Nov 1873 Syed Husain ibni al-Marhum Syed
Harun Jamalullail (b. 1805 - d. 1873)
21 Nov 1873 - 17 Feb 1897 Syed Ahmad ibni al-Marhum Syed
Husain Jamalullail (b. 1825 - d. 1897)
17 Feb 1897 - 30 Dec 1904 Syed Safi ibni al-Marhum Syed
Alawi Jamalullail (b. 1862 - d. 1904)
30 Dec 1904 - 1 Feb 1943 Syed Alawi ibni al-Marhum Syed
Safi Jamalullail (b. 1881 - d. 1943)
2 Feb 1943 - 20 Aug 1943 Syed Hamzah ibni al-Marhum
Syed Safi Jamalullail (1st time) (b. 1895 - d. 1958)
8 Sep 1945 - 17 Sep 1945 Syed Hamzah ibni al-Marhum
Syed Safi Jamalullail (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Sep 1945 - 16 Apr 2000 Syed Harun Putra ibni al-Marhum
Syed Hasan Jamalullail (b. 1920 - d. 2000)
1 Sep 1960 - 20 Aug 1965 Tengku Sulaiman (regent) (b. 1932)
17 Apr 2000 - Syed Sirajuddin ibni al-Marhum
Syed Putra Jamalullail (b. 1943)
13 Dec 2001 - 12 Dec 2006 Syed Faizuddin Putra (regent) (b. 1967)
Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
1950 - 1957 Raja Ahmad bin Raja Endut (b. 1892 - d. ...)
1957 - 1959 Mohd Razali bin Ali Wasi
1959 - 31 Dec 1971 Sheikh Ahmad bin Mohamed Hashim
(from 1961, Tan Sri Sheikh Ahmad
bin Mohamed Hashim) (b. 1896 - d. 1982)
Jan 1972 - 22 Oct 1981 Datuk Jaafar bin Hassan
1 Nov 1981 - Aug 1986 Datuk Ali bin Ahmad
13 Aug 1986 - 6 May 1995 Abdul Hamid Pawanteh (from 1994,
Tan Sri Abdul Hamid Pawanteh) (b. 1944 - d. 2022)
6 May 1995 - 17 Mar 2008 Shahidan Kassim (from 4 Dec 1995,
Dato' Seri Shahidan Kassim; from
25 Oct 2002, Datuk Seri Shahidan
Kassim) (b. 1951)
17 Mar 2008 - 7 May 2013 Datuk (from 17 May 2008, Datuk
Seri) Mohamad Isa Sabu (b. 1947)
7 May 2013 - 22 Nov 2022 Azlan Man (from 17 May 2014,
Datuk Seri Azlan Man) (b. 1958)
22 Nov 2022 - Mohd Shukri Ramli (b. 1961)
British advisers
1909 - 1910 Meadows Frost (1st time) (b. 1875 - d. 1954)
1910 Alexander Cavendish (acting) (b. 1878 - d. 1960)
1910 - 1911 Meadows Frost (2nd time) (s.a.)
1911 J.G. Richey
1911 - 1913 H.C. Eckhardt (1st time)
1913 C.M. Laidlaw (acting)
1913 - 1920 H.C. Eckhardt (2nd time)
1920 - 1923 E.W.N. Wyatt
1923 Thomas Watts Clayton (b. 1877 - d. 19...)
1923 - 1925 John Whitehouse Ward Hughes (b. 1882 - d. 19...)
1925 - 1928 P.S. Williams
1928 - 1930 L.A. Allen
1930 - 1932 M.C. Hay
1932 - 1935 Oswald Eric Venables (b. 1891 - d. 1960)
1935 - 1938 Charles Roberts Howitt (b. 1894 - d. 1969)
1938 - 1939 Christopher William Dawson (b. 1896 - d. 1983)
1939 - 1941 Edward Victor Grace Day (1st time) (b. 1896 - d. 1968)
Japanese governors
1941 - 1942 Ohyama Kikancho
1942 - 1943 Osagawa
Thai officer
1943 - 1945 Charn Na Song Khram
British advisers
1945 - 1946 D. Burr
1946 - 1947 Edward Victor Grace Day (2nd time) (s.a.)
Putrajaya
1 Feb 2001 federal territory created from part of Selangor
Presidents of Putrajaya Corporation
1 Feb 2001 - 14 Jul 2004 Tan Sri Azizan Zainul Abidin (b. 1935 - d. 2004)
8 Aug 2004 - 31 Jul 2012 Tan Sri Samsudin Osman (b. 1947)
1 Aug 2012 - 31 Jul 2015 Tan Sri Aseh Che Mat (b. 1951)
1 Aug 2015 - 31 Jul 2018 Datuk (from 2016, Datuk Seri)
Hashim Ismail (b. 1957?)
1 Oct 2018 - 30 Sep 2020 Datuk Aminuddin Hassim
1 Oct 2020 - 31 May 2022 Datuk Muhammad Azmi Mohd Zain
1 Jun 2022 - Datuk Fadlun Mak Ujud (b. 1966?)
Sabah
1881 British protectorate (State of North Borneo)¹
Jan 1942 - Aug 1945 Japanese occupation
15 Jul 1946 British crown colony (British North Borneo)
16 Sep 1963 part of Malaysia
Chairmen of the British North Borneo Chartered Company
Ap/My 1882 - 1893 Sir Rutherford Alcock (b. 1809 - d. 1897)
1893 - 1903 Richard Biddulph Martin (b. 1838 - d. 1916)
1903 - 1909 Sir Charles James Jessel (b. 1860 - d. 1928)
1909 - 14 Sep 1910 William Clark Cowie (b. 1849 - d. 1910)
Presidents of the British North Borneo Chartered Company
1910 - 1926 Sir West Ridgeway (b. 1844 - d. 1930)
3 Feb 1926 - 15 Jul 1946 Sir Neill Malcolm (b. 1869 - d. 1953)
Governors
1881 - 1887 William Hood Treacher (b. 1849 - d. 1919)
1887 - 1888 William Maunder Crocker (b. 1843 - d. 1899)
1888 - 1895 Charles Vandeleur Creagh (b. 1842 - d. 1917)
1895 - 1900 Leicester Paul Beaufort (b. 1853 - d. 1926)
1900 - 1901 Hugh Clifford (b. 1866 - d. 1941)
1901 - 1904 Ernest Birch (b. 1857 - d. 1929)
1904 - 1911 Edward Peregrine Gueritz (b. 1855 - d. 1938)
1911 - 27 Jun 1912 Francis Robert Ellis (b. 1849 - d. 1915)
27 Jun 1912 - 1 Nov 1912 Frederick William Fraser
(1st time) (acting) (b. 1870 - d. 19...)
1 Nov 1912 - 6 Dec 1912 James Scott Mason (b. 1873 - d. 1912)
6 Dec 1912 - Feb 1913 Frederick William Fraser
(2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
Feb 1913 - 1915 Cecil William Chase Parr (b. 1871 - d. 1943)
1915 - 1922 Aylmer Cavendish Pearson
(1st time) (b. 1876 - d. 1926)
1922 - 1925 Sir William Henry Rycroft (b. 1861 - d. 1925)
1925 - 15 Mar 1926 Aylmer Cavendish Pearson
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Oct 1926 - 16 Dec 1929 John Lisseter Humphreys (b. 1881 - d. 1929)
1930 - 1933 Arthur Frederick Richards (b. 1885 - d. 1978)
1934 - 1937 Douglas Jardine (b. 1888 - d. 1946)
1937 - 1946 Robert Smith (b. 1887 - d. 1959)
(Japanese prisoner Jan 1942 - Aug 1945)
Nov 1946 - 1949 Edward Francis Twining (from 1 Jan
1949, Sir Edward Francis Twining) (b. 1899 - d. 1967)
1950 - 1954 Sir Ralph Hone (b. 1896 - d. 1992)
4 Mar 1954 - 1959 Sir Roland Turnbull (from 2 Jan
1956, Sir Roland Turnbull) (b. 1905 - d. 1960)
1959 - 1963 Sir William Goode (b. 1907 - d. 1986)
Heads of State (title Yang di-Pertuan Negara; from 1976, Yang di-Pertua Negeri)
16 Sep 1963 - 16 Sep 1965 Datu (from 1964, Tun) Mustapha
Harun (b. 1918 - d. 1995)
16 Sep 1965 - 16 Sep 1973 Datuk Pengiran Ahmad Raffae (b. 1908 - d. 1995)
16 Sep 1973 - 28 Jul 1975 Tun Mohd Fuad Stephens (b. 1920 - d. 1976)
28 Jul 1975 - 10 Oct 1977 Datuk Mohamad Indan Kari (from
1977, Tun Mohd Hamdan) (b. 1921 - d. 1977)
12 Oct 1977 - 25 Jun 1978 Tun Ahmad Koroh (b. 1925 - d. 1978)
27 Jun 1978 - 31 Dec 1986 Tun Datuk Mohamad Adnan Robert (b. 1917 - d. 2003)
1 Jan 1987 - 31 Dec 1994 Tun Mohamad Said Keruak (b. 1926 - d. 1995)
1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 2002 Tan Sri (from 1996, Tun) Sakaran
Dandai (b. 1930 - d. 2021)
1 Jan 2003 - 31 Dec 2010 Datuk (from Mar 2003, Tun)
Ahmadshah Abdullah (b. 1946)
1 Jan 2011 - Datuk Seri (from 19 Apr 2011, Tun)
Juhar Mahiruddin (b. 1953)
Chief ministers (title Ketua Menteri)
16 Sep 1963 - 31 Dec 1964 Donald Stephens (1st time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1965 - 12 May 1967 Peter Lo Su Yin (b. 1923 - d. 2020)
12 May 1967 - 1 Nov 1975 Tun Mustapha Harun (1st time) (s.a.)
1 Nov 1975 - 18 Apr 1976 Tan Sri Mohamad Said Keruak (s.a.)
18 Apr 1976 - 6 Jun 1976 Tun Mohd Fuad Stephens (2nd time) (s.a.)
6 Jun 1976 - 22 Apr 1985 Datuk Harris Salleh (b. 1933)
22 Apr 1985 (hours) Tun Mustapha Harun (2nd time) (s.a.)
22 Apr 1985 - 17 Mar 1994 Datuk (from 1986, Datuk Seri
Panglima) Joseph Pairin Kitingan (b. 1940)
17 Mar 1994 - 27 Dec 1994 Tan Sri Sakaran Dandai (s.a.)
27 Dec 1994 - 28 May 1996 Datuk (from 21 Mar 1996, Datuk
Seri) Salleh Said Keruak (b. 1957)
28 May 1996 - 28 May 1998 Datuk Yong Teck Lee (b. 1958)
28 May 1998 - 14 Mar 1999 Tan Sri Bernard Dompok (b. 1949)
14 Mar 1999 - 27 Mar 2001 Datuk Seri Osu Sukam (b. 1949)
27 Mar 2001 - 27 Mar 2003 Datuk Chong Kah Kiat (b. 1948)
7 Mar 2003 - 12 May 2018 Datuk (from 11 Oct 2003, Datuk
Seri; from 9 Sep 2017, Tan Sri)
Musa Aman (b. 1951)
(acting for Chong to 27 Mar 2003)
12 May 2018 - 29 Sep 2020 Datuk Seri Shafie Apdal (b. 1957)
29 Sep 2020 - Datuk Seri Hajiji Noor (b. 1955)
¹Gustav Freiherr von Overbeck was appointed Maharajah of Sabah and Rajah of Gaya and Sandakan by the sultan of Brunei 29 Dec 1877 and Datu Bendahara and Rajah of Sandakan by the sultan of Sulu 22 Jan 1878. In early 1881 Overbeck, Alfred Dent, Richard Charles Mayne, and William Henry McLeod Read established the British North Borneo Provisional Association, Ltd. The British North Borneo Chartered Company (charter dated 1 Nov 1881) became the entity which, under U.K. protection and formal suzerainty of the sultan of Sulu, constituted the State of North Borneo. The governors were appointed (with U.K. authorization) by the Chartered Company.
Sarawak
1855 independence from Brunei
14 Jun 1888 British protectorate
25 Dec 1941 - 11 Sep 1945 Japanese occupation
1 Jul 1946 British crown colony
16 Sep 1963 part of Malaysia
Rajahs
24 Sep 1841 - 11 Jun 1868 James Brooke (from 27 Apr 1848,
Sir James Brooke) (b. 1803 - d. 1868)
(governor to 18 Aug 1842)
11 Jun 1868 - 17 May 1917 Charles Johnson Brooke (from 2 Jun
1888, Sir Charles Johnson Brooke) (b. 1829 - d. 1917)
17 May 1917 - 1 Jul 1946 Charles Vyner Brooke (from 3 Jun
1927, Sir Charles Vyner Brooke) (b. 1874 - d. 1963)
(in exile [Australia and U.K.] 25 Dec 1941 - 14 Apr 1946)
Governors
29 Oct 1946 - 1949 Sir Charles Noble Arden Clarke (b. 1898 - d. 1962)
14 Nov 1949 - 10 Dec 1949 Duncan George Stewart (b. 1904 - d. 1949)
10 Dec 1949 - 1950 Christopher William Dawson (b. 1896 - d. 1983)
(acting)
4 Apr 1950 - 1959 Anthony Foster Abell (from 1 Jan
1952, Sir Anthony Foster Abell) (b. 1906 - d. 1994)
23 Feb 1960 - 1963 Sir Alexander Waddell (b. 1913 - d. 1999)
Heads of State (title Yang di-Pertua Negeri; also called governors)
16 Sep 1963 - 28 Mar 1969 Datuk (from 1964, Tun) Abang Openg
bin Abang Sapie (b. 1905 - d. 1969)
2 Apr 1969 - 2 Apr 1977 Tun Bujang bin Tunku Othman (b. 1898 - d. 1986)
2 Apr 1977 - 2 Apr 1981 Datuk Patinggi (from 7 Jun 1978,
Tun Datuk Patinggi) Abang Muhammad
Salahuddin (1st time) (b. 1921 - d. 2022)
2 Apr 1981 - 2 Apr 1985 Datuk Seri Panglima (from 1982,
Tun) Abdul Rahman Yakub (b. 1928 - d. 2015)
2 Apr 1985 - 4 Dec 2000 Tun Datuk Patinggi Ahmad Zaidi
Adruce bin Mohamad Noor (b. 1924 - d. 2000)
4 Dec 2000 - 28 Feb 2014 Tun Datuk Patinggi Abang Muhammad
Salahuddin (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting to 22 Feb 2001)
1 Mar 2014 - 29 Jan 2024 Pehin Sri (from 26 May 2014, Tun)
Abdul Taib Mahmud (b. 1936 - d. 2024)
29 Jan 2024 - Tun Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar (b. 1946)
Chief ministers (title Ketua Menteri); from 15 Feb 2022, premier
22 Jul 1963 - 16 Jun 1966 Stephen Kalong Ningkan (from 1964,
Datuk Stephen Kalong Ningkan)
(1st time) (b. 1920 - d. 1997)
Jun 1966 - 7 Sep 1966 Datuk Penghulu Tawi Sli (1st time) (b. 1912 - d. 1987)
7 Sep 1966 - 23 Sep 1966 Datuk Stephen Kalong Ningkan
(2nd time) (s.a.)
23 Sep 1966 - 7 Jul 1970 Datuk Penghulu Tawi Sli (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 Jul 1970 - 26 Mar 1981 Datuk Seri Panglima Abdul Rahman
Yakub (s.a.)
26 Mar 1981 - 28 Feb 2014 Datuk Patinggi (from 1988, Datuk
Seri; from 1989, Tan Sri; from 14
Sep 2003, Pehin Sri) Abdul Taib
Mahmud (s.a.)
28 Feb 2014 - 11 Jan 2017 Tan Sri Adenan Satem (b. 1944 - d. 2017)
13 Jan 2017 - Datuk Amar (from 9 Sep 2017, Datuk
Patinggi; from 3 Nov 2021, Tan
Sri) Abang Johari Tun Openg (b. 1950)
Selangor
bf.1745 Negeri Selangor Darul Ehsan established
Rajas
... - 1745 Daing Celak
1745 - 1766 Raja Lumu bin Daing Celak (b. ... - d. 1778)
Sultans
1766 - 1778 Tuanku Salahuddin Shah ibni
al-Marhum Yamtuan Muda
Daing Celak (= Raja Lumu) (s.a.)
1778 - 27 Oct 1826 Tuanku Ibrahim Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Salahuddin Shah (b. 17... - d. 1826)
27 Oct 1826 - 6 Jan 1857 Tuanku Muhammad Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim Shah (b. ... - d. 1857)
6 Jan 1857 - 1859 Raja Mahmud ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Muhammad Shah (regent) (b. 1849 - d. 1919)
1859 - 6 Feb 1898 Tuanku Abdus Samad ibni al-Marhum
Raja Abdullah (b. 1804 - d. 1898)
6 Feb 1898 - 31 Mar 1938 Tuanku Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah ibni
al-Marhum Raja Muda Musa (b. 1863 - d. 1938)
4 Apr 1938 - 15 Feb 1942 Tuanku Hisamuddin Alam Shah
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Alaeddin
Sulaiman Shah (1st time) (b. 1898 - d. 1960)
15 Feb 1942 - 14 Sep 1945 Tuanku Musa Ghiathuddin Riayat
Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah (b. 1893 - d. 1955)
14 Sep 1945 - 1 Sep 1960 Tuanku Hisamuddin Alam Shah
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Alaeddin
Sulaiman Shah (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Apr 1960 - 1 Sep 1960 Tengku Salahuddin Shah (regent) (b. 1926 - d. 2001)
1 Sep 1960 - 21 Nov 2001 Tuanku Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Hisamuddin
Alam Shah (s.a.)
26 Apr 1999 - 21 Nov 2001 Tengku Idris Shah (regent) (b. 1945)
22 Nov 2001 - Sharafuddin Idris Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Salahuddin Abdul
Aziz Shah (s.a.)
Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
Jun 1947 - Jun 1949 Datuk Hamzah bin Abdullah
Jul 1949 - 1953 Raja Tun Uda Al-Haj bin Raja
Muhammad (1st time) (b. 1894 - d. 1976)
1953 - Sep 1954 Datuk Othman Mohamed
Sep 1954 - Aug 1955 Raja Sir Tun Uda Al-Haj bin Raja
Muhammad (2nd time) (s.a.)
Aug 1955 - Jul 1957 Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Majid (b. 1908 - d. 1975)
Jul 1957 - May 1959 Abdul Jamil bin Abdul Rais (b. 1912 - d. 1994)
30 May 1959 - 19 Mar 1964 Datuk Abu Bakar Baginda
19 Mar 1964 - 15 Apr 1976 Dato' Harun Idris (b. 1925 - d. 2003)
15 Apr 1976 - 3 May 1982 Datuk Hormat Rafei (b. 1923 - d. 2001)
3 May 1982 - 14 Aug 1986 Dato' Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali (b. 1928 - d. 2001)
14 Aug 1986 - 14 Apr 1997 Muhammad Muhammad Taib (from 8 Mar
1987, Datuk Muhammad Muhammad
Taib; from 7 Jun 1989, Tan Sri
Muhammad Muhammad Taib) (b. 1945)
2 May 1997 - 18 Aug 2000 Datuk Seri Abu Hassan Omar (b. 1940 - d. 2018)
18 Aug 2000 - 13 Mar 2008 Mohamad Khir Toyo (from 14 Sep
2000, Datuk Mohamad Khir Toyo;
from 10 Mar 2001, Datuk Seri
Mohamad Khir Toyo) (b. 1965)
13 Mar 2008 - 23 Sep 2014 Tan Sri Khalid Ibrahim (b. 1946 - d. 2022)
23 Sep 2014 - 19 Jun 2018 Azmin Ali (from 11 Dec 2015, Datuk
Seri Azmin Ali) (b. 1964)
19 Jun 2018 - Amirudin Shari (from 11 Dec 2019,
Datuk Seri Amirudin Shari) (b. 1980)
British residents
1875 - 1876 James Guthrie Davidson
1876 - 1882 Bloomfield Douglas (b. 1822 - d. 1906)
1882 - 1884 Frank Athelstane Swettenham (b. 1850 - d. 1946)
1884 - 1888 John Pickersgill Rodger (1st time) (b. 1851 - d. 1910)
(acting)
1889 - 1892 William Edward Maxwell (b. 1846 - d. 1897)
1892 - 1896 William Hood Treacher (b. 1849 - d. 1919)
1896 - 1902 John Pickersgill Rodger (2nd time) (s.a.)
1902 - 1910 Henry Conway Belfield (b. 1855 - d. 1923)
1910 - 1913 Reginald George Watson (b. 1862 - d. 1926)
1913 - 1919 Edward George Broadrick (b. 1864 - d. 1929)
1919 - 1921 Arthur Henry Lemon (b. 1864 - d. 1933)
1921 - 1926 Oswald Francis Gerard Stonor (b. 1872 - d. 1940)
1926 - 1927 Henry Wagstaffe Thomson (b. 1874 - d. 1941)
1927 - 1931 James Lornie (b. 1876 - d. 1959)
1932 - 1933 Geoffrey Edmund Cator (b. 1884 - d. 1973)
1933 - 1935 George Ernest London (b. 1889 - d. 1957)
Dec 1935 - Dec 1936 Theodore Samuel Adams (b. 1885 - d. 1961)
Jan 1937 - Jun 1940 Stanley Wilson Jones (b. 1888 - d. 1962)
Jun 1940 - Aug 1941 George Montgomery Kidd (b. 1889 - d. 1942)
Aug 1941 - Dec 1941 Norman Rowlstone Jarrett (acting) (b. 1889 - d. 1982)
Terengganu
1725 Negeri Terengganu Darul Iman established
20 Aug 1943 - 8 Sep 1945 annexed by Thailand
Sultans
1725 - 7 Mar 1733 Tuanku Zainal Abidin I ibni
al-Marhum Bendahara Seri
Maharaja Tun Habib Abdul Majid (b. 1677 - d. 1733)
7 Mar 1733 - 26 Jan 1793 Tuanku Mansur Shah I ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Zainal Abidin (b. 1715 - d. 1793)
26 Jan 1793 - 1808 Tuanku Zainal Abidin II ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Mansur Shah (b. 1743 - d. 1808)
1808 - 4 Jul 1830 Tuanku Ahmad Shah I ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Zainal Abidin (b. ... - d. 1830)
5 Jul 1830 - 31 Dec 1830 Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Zainal Abidin (b. ... - d. 1830)
31 Dec 1830 - 31 Jan 1831 Tuanku Daud ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Abdul Rahman (b. ... - d. 1831)
31 Jan 1831 - 9 Mar 1837 Tuanku Mansur Shah II ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Zainal Abidin (b. ... - d. 1837)
9 Mar 1837 - 4 Nov 1839 Tuanku Muhammad Shah I ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Mansur Shah (b. 1821 - d. ...)
4 Nov 1839 - 1862 Tuanku Umar ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Abdul Rahman (1st time) (b. 1806 - d. 1876)
1862 Tuanku Mahmud Mudzafar Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Shah
1862 - 11 Apr 1876 Tuanku Umar ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Abdul Rahman (2nd time) (s.a.)
1876 Tuanku Mahmud Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Abdul Rahman
1876 - 18 Dec 1881 Tuanku Ahmad Muadzam Shah II ibni
al-Marhum Yang Dipertuan Muda
Mahmud (b. 1839 - d. 1881)
18 Dec 1881 - 26 Nov 1918 Tuanku Zainal Abidin III Muadzam
Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Ahmad Muadzam Shah (b. 1866 - d. 1918)
26 Nov 1918 - 26 May 1920 Tuanku Muhammad Shah II ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Zainal Abidin
Muadzam Shah (b. 1888 - d. 1956)
26 May 1920 - 25 Sep 1942 Tuanku Sulaiman Badarul Alam Shah
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Zainal
Abidin Muadzam Shah (1st time) (b. 1895 - d. 1945)
26 Sep 1942 - 20 Aug 1943 Tuanku Ali ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Sulaiman Badarul Alam Shah
(1st time) (b. 1914 - d. 1996)
8 Sep 1945 - 5 Nov 1945 Tuanku Ali ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Sulaiman Badarul Alam Shah
(2nd time) (s.a.)
5 Nov 1945 - 16 Dec 1945 Tuanku Sulaiman Badarul Alam Shah
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Zainal
Abidin Muadzam Shah (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Dec 1945 - 20 Sep 1979 Tuanku Ismail Nasiruddin Shah
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Zainal
Abidin Muadzam Shah (b. 1907 - d. 1979)
21 Aug 1965 - 20 Sep 1970 Tengku Mahmud (regent) (b. 1930 - d. 1998)
20 Sep 1979 - 14 May 1998 Tuanku Mahmud al-Muktafi Billah
Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ismail
Nasiruddin Shah (s.a.)
15 May 1998 - Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud (b. 1962)
13 Dec 2006 - 12 Dec 2011 Tengku Muhammad Ismail (regent) (b. 1998)
Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
21 Apr 1925 - 28 Jun 1940 Dato' Seri Amar Diraja Ngah
Muhamad bin Yusof
15 Jul 1940 - 6 May 1942 Tengku Seri Setia Raja Tengku Omar
bin Othman
17 May 1942 - 16 Dec 1945 Dato' Jaya Perkasa Da Omar bin
Mahmud
17 Dec 1945 - 26 Dec 1949 Tengku Panglima Perang Tengku
Muhamad bin al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad
27 Dec 1949 - Jun 1959 Dato' Perdana Menteri Di Raja
Dato' Seri Setia Raja Kamaruddin
bin Idris
Jun 1959 - 8 Nov 1961 Mohd Daud bin Abdul Samad
9 Nov 1961 - 3 Sep 1970 Tan Sri Ibrahim Fikri bin Mohammad
1 Oct 1970 - 4 Sep 1971 Dato' Mahmood bin Sulaiman
5 Sep 1971 - 3 Aug 1974 Dato' Nik Hassan bin Wan Abdul
Rahman
1 Sep 1974 - 2 Dec 1999 Wan Mokhtar Ahmad (from 7 Jul
1982, Datuk Amar Wan Mokhtar
Ahmad; from 8 Apr 1983, Datuk
Wan Mokhtar Ahmad; from 26 Nov
1988, Tan Sri Wan Mokhtar Ahmad) (b. 1932 - d. 2020)
2 Dec 1999 - 25 Mar 2004 Abdul Hadi Awang (from 19 Jul
2001, Dato' Seri Abdul Hadi Awang) (b. 1947)
25 Mar 2004 - 25 Mar 2008 Datuk (from 20 Jul 2004, Dato'
Seri) Idris Jusoh (b. 1955)
25 Mar 2008 - 12 May 2014 Datuk (from 5 Aug 2010, Datuk
Seri) Ahmad Said (b. 1957)
12 May 2014 - 10 May 2018 Datuk (from 26 Apr 2015, Datuk
Seri) Ahmad Razif Abdul Rahman (b. 1965)
10 May 2018 - Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar (from 22 Jul
2019, Datuk Seri Ahmad Samsuri
Mokhtar) (b. 1970)
British agents (from 1919, advisers)
1909 - 1913 William Lance Conlay (b. 1869 - d. 1927)
1913 - 1915 W.D. Scott
1915 - 1916 C.N. Maxwell
1916 - 1925 John Lisseter Humphreys (b. 1881 - d. 1929)
1925 - 1926 James William Simmons (b. 1877 - d. 19...)
1926 - 1928 William Miles Millington (b. 1883 - d. 19...)
1928 - 1930 Alfred John Sturrock (b. 1879 - d. 1946)
1930 - 1932 Gordon Lupton Ham (b. 1885 - d. 1965)
1932 - 1933 C.C. Brown
1933 - 1934 Norman Rowlstone Jarrett
(1st time) (acting) (b. 1889 - d. 1982)
1935 - 1936 John Erskine Kempe (b. 1888 - d. 19...)
1936 - 1937 Norman Rowlstone Jarrett
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1937 Patrick McKerron (acting) (b. 1896 - d. 1964)
1937 - 1940 Arthur Egerton Coope (b. 1888 - d. 19...)
1940 - 1941 George Alexander de Chazal de
Moubray (b. 1888 - d. 1977)