Rulers: India

Provinces


Ajmer-Merwara

       1818                ceded to Britain
       1832                part of North-Western Provinces
 1 Apr 1871                Ajmer-Merwara a separate province
15 Aug 1947                part of independent India

Chief commissioners
 1 Apr 1871 - 21 Jun 1873  Richard Harte Keatinge             (b. 1825 - d. 1904)
21 Jun 1873 - 12 Dec 1878  Lewis Pelly (from 30 May 1874,
                           Sir Lewis Pelly)                   (b. 1825 - d. 1892)
                           (acting to 6 Feb 1874)
12 Dec 1878 - 27 Mar 1887  Edward Ridley Colborne Bradford
                           (from 6 Jun 1885, Sir Edward
                           Ridley Colborne Bradford)          (b. 1836 - d. 1911)
27 Mar 1887 - 20 Mar 1890  Charles Kenneth Mackenzie Walter   (b. 1833 - d. 1892)
20 Mar 1890 - 20 Mar 1895  George Herbert Trevor              (b. 1840 - d. 1927)
20 Mar 1895 - 10 Mar 1898  Robert Joseph Crosthwaite (from
                           22 Jun 1897, Sir Robert Joseph
                           Crosthwaite)                       (b. 1841 - d. 1917)
10 Mar 1898 -  1 Apr 1905  Arthur Henry Temple Martindale
                           (from 24 Jun 1904, Sir Arthur
                           Henry Temple Martindale)           (b. 1854 - d. 1942)
 1 Apr 1905 -  4 Jan 1918  Elliot Graham Colvin (from 12 Dec
                           1911, Sir Elliot Graham Colvin)    (b. 1861 - d. 1940)
                           (acting to 1 Oct 1905)
 4 Jan 1918 - 21 Apr 1919  John Manners Smith                 (b. 1864 - d. 1920)
21 Apr 1919 - 22 Dec 1919  Alan Thomas Holme (acting)         (b. 1872 - d. 1931)
22 Dec 1919 -  7 Aug 1925  Robert Holland                     (b. 1873 - d. 1965)
 7 Aug 1925 - 18 Mar 1927  Stewart Blakeley Agnew Patterson   (b. 1872 - d. 1942)
18 Mar 1927 - 14 Oct 1932  Leonard William Reynolds (from 3
                           Jun 1931, Sir Leonard William
                           Reynolds)                          (b. 1874 - d. 1946)
14 Oct 1932 - 28 Oct 1937  George Drummond Ogilvie (from 1
                           Jan 1936, Sir George Drummond
                           Ogilvie)                           (b. 1882 - d. 1966)
28 Oct 1937 -  1 Dec 1944  Arthur Cunningham Lothian (from 12
                           Jun 1941, Sir Arthur Cunningham
                           Lothian)                           (b. 1887 - d. 1962)
 1 Dec 1944 - 14 Aug 1947  Hiranand Rupchand Shivdasani       (b. 1904 - d. 1951)

Andaman and Nicobar Islands

    1754/56                Nicobar Islands (Frederik Oerne Islands) a Danish colony
                           (administered from Tranquebar)
       1784 -     1807/09  Nicobar Islands abandoned
       1789                Andaman Islands part of British India
       1830 -        1834  Nicobar Islands abandoned
       1848                Nicobar Islands gradually abandoned
16 Oct 1868                Nicobar Islands part of British India
23 Mar 1942 -  7 Oct 1945  Japanese occupation
   Dec 1943 - 22 Jul 1945  administered by Japanese-sponsored Free India Movement
15 Aug 1947                part of independent India

Superintendents
       1858                Henry Stuart Man (1st time)        (b. 1815 - d. 1898)
       1858 -        1859  James Pattison Walker              (b. 1823 - d. 1906)
       1859 -        1862  John Colpoys Haughton              (b. 1817 - d. 1887)
       1862 -        1864  Robert Christopher Tytler          (b. 1818 - d. 1872)
       1864 -        1868  Barnett Ford                       (b. 1824 - d. 1907)
       1868 - 16 Mar 1871  Henry Stuart Man (2nd time)        (s.a.)
16 Mar 1871 - 15 Jul 1872  Frederick Lyon Playfair (acting)   (b. 1830 - d. 1907)
15 Jul 1872 - 29 Jul 1872  Donald Martin Stewart (acting)     (b. 1824 - d. 1900)
Chief commissioners
29 Jul 1872 -  7 May 1875  Donald Martin Stewart              (s.a.)
                           (acting to 18 Feb 1873)
 7 May 1875 - 26 May 1875  Montague Protheroe (1st time)      (b. 1841 - d. 1905)
                           (acting)
26 May 1875 - 12 Dec 1879  Charles Arthur Barwell             (b. 1826 - d. 1895)
                           (acting to 24 Mar 1876)
27 Nov 1876 - 27 Feb 1878    Montague Protheroe (2nd time)    (s.a.)
                             (acting for Barwell)
12 Dec 1879 - 16 Apr 1892  Thomas Cadell                      (b. 1835 - d. 1919)
                           (acting to 21 Dec 1880)
17 Oct 1881 - 28 Feb 1883    Montague Protheroe (3rd time)    (s.a.)
                             (acting for Cadell)
16 Apr 1892 - 25 Jul 1894  Norman Macleod Thomas Horsford     (b. 1840 - d. 1907)
25 Jul 1894 -  3 Aug 1894  Edward Horace Man (acting)         (b. 1846 - d. 1929)
 3 Aug 1894 - 25 Jan 1904  Richard Carnac Temple (from 15 Mar
                           1902, Sir Richard Carnac Temple)   (b. 1850 - d. 1931)
                           (acting to 3 Sep 1895)
25 Jan 1904 -  9 Apr 1904  Francis Edward Tuson (acting)      (b. 1850 - d. 1923)
 9 Apr 1904 - 15 Apr 1906  William Rudolph Henry Merk         (b. 1852 - d. 1925)
15 Apr 1906 - 16 Feb 1913  Herbert Arrott Browning            (b. 1861 - d. 1951)
16 Feb 1913 - 23 May 1920  Montagu William Douglas            (b. 1863 - d. 1957)
23 May 1920 - 24 Apr 1923  Henry Cecil Beadon                 (b. 1869 - d. 1959)
24 Apr 1923 - 12 Apr 1931  Michael Lloyd Ferrar               (b. 1876 - d. 1971)
                           (acting to 23 May 1923)
12 Apr 1931 - 25 Aug 1931  Geoffrey Worsley (acting)          (b. 1881 - d. 1931)
25 Aug 1931 -  7 Dec 1931  Edward Courtenay Kenny (acting)    (b. 1885 - d. 1956)
 7 Dec 1931 -  7 Feb 1935  John William Smyth                 (b. 1880 - d. 1968)
 7 Feb 1935 -  7 Feb 1938  William Alexander Cosgrave         (b. 1879 - d. 1952)
 7 Feb 1938 -        1945  Charles Francis Waterfall          (b. 1888 - d. 1954)
                           (Japanese prisoner 1942-45)
18 Feb 1944 -    Sep 1944    Arcot Doraiswamy Loganadan       (b. 1888 - d. 1949)
                             (for Free India Movement)
   Sep 1944 - 22 Jul 1945    Mansoor Ali Alvi (acting)
                             (for Free India Movement)
       1945 -        1947  Noel Kennedy Paterson              (b. 1905 - d. 1984)
                           (acting to 7 Feb 1946)

Assam

24 Feb 1826                ceded to U.K. by Burma; becomes part of Bengal
       1832                princely state restored
       1838                part of Bengal
       1874                Assam a separate province
16 Oct 1905 -  1 Apr 1912  part of province of Eastern Bengal and Assam
15 Aug 1947                part of independent India

Chief commissioners
 7 Feb 1874 - 22 Jun 1878  Richard Harte Keatinge             (b. 1825 - d. 1904)
22 Jun 1878 - 25 Mar 1881  Sir Steuart Colvin Bayley          (b. 1836 - d. 1925)
25 Mar 1881 - 27 Feb 1885  Charles Alfred Elliott             (b. 1835 - d. 1911)
27 Feb 1885 - 31 Oct 1887  William Erskine Ward (1st time)    (b. 1838 - d. 1916)
                           (acting)
31 Oct 1887 - 16 Jul 1889  Dennis Fitzpatrick                 (b. 1837 - d. 1920)
16 Jul 1889 - 22 Oct 1889  James Westland                     (b. 1842 - d. 1903)
22 Oct 1889 - 25 Mar 1891  James Wallace Quinton              (b. 1834 - d. 1891)
25 Mar 1891 - 27 May 1891  Henry Collett (acting)             (b. 1836 - d. 1901)
27 May 1891 - 28 Nov 1896  William Erskine Ward (from 20 May
                           1896, Sir William Erskine Ward)
                           (2nd time)                         (s.a.)
28 Nov 1896 - 29 Apr 1902  Henry Cotton                       (b. 1845 - d. 1915)
29 Apr 1902 - 16 Oct 1905  Bampfylde Fuller                   (b. 1854 - d. 1935)
                           (acting to 20 Oct 1902)
Lieutenant governors (of Eastern Bengal and Assam)
16 Oct 1905 - 20 Aug 1906  Bampfylde Fuller (from 1 Jan 1906,
                           Sir Bampfylde Fuller)              (s.a.)
20 Aug 1906 - 22 Aug 1911  Lancelot Hare (from 28 Jun 1907,
                           Sir Lancelot Hare)                 (b. 1851 - d. 1922)
22 Aug 1911 -  1 Apr 1912  Sir Charles Bayley                 (b. 1854 - d. 1935)
Chief commissioners
 1 Apr 1912 -  1 Apr 1918  Sir Archdale Earle                 (b. 1861 - d. 1934)
 1 Apr 1918 -  3 Jan 1921  Nicholas Dodd Beatson Bell (from
                           1 Jan 1919, Sir Nicholas Dodd
                           Beatson Bell)                      (b. 1867 - d. 1936)
Governors
 3 Jan 1921 -  2 Apr 1921  Sir Nicholas Dodd Beatson Bell     (s.a.)
 3 Apr 1921 - 10 Oct 1922  Sir William Sinclair Marris        (b. 1873 - d. 1945)
10 Oct 1922 - 28 Jun 1927  Sir John Henry Kerr                (b. 1871 - d. 1934)
28 Jun 1927 - 11 May 1932  Sir Laurie Hammond                 (b. 1873 - d. 1939)
11 May 1932 -  4 Mar 1937  Sir Michael Keane                  (b. 1874 - d. 1937)
 4 Mar 1937 -  4 May 1942  Sir Robert Niel Reid               (b. 1883 - d. 1964)
 4 May 1942 -  4 May 1947  Sir Andrew Gourlay Clow            (b. 1890 - d. 1957)
 4 May 1947 - 14 Aug 1947  Sir Akbar Hydari                   (b. 1894 - d. 1948)

Chief ministers 1 Apr 1937 - 19 Sep 1938 Maulavi Saiyid Sir Muhammad Saadulla (1st time) 19 Sep 1938 - 17 Nov 1939 Gopinath Bordoloi (1st time) (b. 1890 - d. 1950) 17 Nov 1939 - 24 Dec 1941 Maulavi Saiyid Sir Muhammad Saadulla (2nd time) 25 Aug 1942 - 11 Feb 1946 Maulavi Saiyid Sir Muhammad Saadulla (3rd time) 11 Feb 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Gopinath Bordoloi (2nd time) (s.a.)

Baluchistan

19 Jun 1887                British Baluchistan Province and Tribal Areas
       1896                province of British India
15 Aug 1947                part of Pakistan

Chief commissioners
19 Jun 1887 - 29 Jan 1892  Sir Robert Groves Sandeman         (b. 1835 - d. 1892)
                             Acting for Sandeman:
19 Jun 1887 - 11 Dec 1887    Sir Oliver Beauchamp Coventry
                             St. John (1st time)              (b. 1837 - d. 1891)
 3 Apr 1889 -  8 Oct 1889    Sir Harry North Dalrymple
                             Prendergast                      (b. 1834 - d. 1913)
23 Apr 1891 -  8 May 1891    Hugh Shakespear Barnes
                             (1st time)                       (b. 1853 - d. 1940)
 9 May 1891 -  3 Jun 1891    Sir Oliver Beauchamp Coventry
                             St. John (2nd time)              (s.a.)
 5 Jun 1891 -  9 Jul 1891    Hugh Shakespear Barnes
                             (2nd time)                       (s.a.)
10 Jul 1891 - 16 Nov 1891    John Biddulph                    (b. 1840 - d. 1921)
30 Jan 1892 - 21 Mar 1892  Hugh Shakespear Barnes (3rd time)  (s.a.)
                           (acting)
22 Mar 1892 - 13 Jun 1896  Sir James Browne                   (b. 1839 - d. 1896)
14 Jun 1896 - 14 Nov 1896  James Adair Crawford (acting)      (b. 1857 - d. 1936)
15 Nov 1896 - 20 Nov 1900  Hugh Shakespear Barnes (4th time)  (s.a.)
12 Apr 1899 - 21 Dec 1899    Henry Wylie (acting for Barnes)  (b. 1844 - d. 1918)
20 Nov 1900 -  4 Nov 1904  Charles Yate                       (b. 1849 - d. 1940)
 4 Nov 1904 - 23 Jan 1905  John Ramsay (1st time) (acting)    (b. 1862 - d. 1942)
23 Jan 1905 -  2 Apr 1907  Alexander Lauzun Pendock Tucker    (b. 1861 - d. 1941)
                           (acting)
 2 Apr 1907 - 25 Apr 1911  Sir Henry McMahon                  (b. 1862 - d. 1949)
 3 Jun 1909 -  6 Sep 1909    Charles Archer (1st time)        (b. 1861 - d. 1941)
                             (acting for McMahon)
25 Apr 1911 -  5 Dec 1917  John Ramsay (from 3 Jun 1915,
                           Sir John Ramsay) (2nd time)        (s.a.)
                             Acting for Ramsay:
21 Oct 1912 - 14 Nov 1912    Charles Archer (2nd time)        (s.a.)
 2 Apr 1914 - 23 May 1914    Charles Archer (3rd time)        (s.a.)
15 Jun 1915 -  5 Jul 1915    Charles Archer (4th time)        (s.a.)
 5 Dec 1917 -  1 Sep 1919  Henry Robert Conway Dobbs          (b. 1871 - d. 1934)
 1 Sep 1919 -    Jun 1922  Armine Brereton Dew (from 3 Jun
                           1921, Sir Armine Brereton Dew)     (b. 1867 - d. 1941)
   Jun 1922 -  7 Jul 1926  Frederick William Johnston         (b. 1872 - d. 1947)
                           (acting to 15 Sep 1923)
 7 Jul 1926 -  4 Nov 1927  Edmund Henry Salt James (1st time) (b. 1874 - d. 1952)
                           (acting)
 4 Nov 1927 - 29 Oct 1930  Beauchamp St. John (from 1 Jan
                           1930, Sir Beauchamp St. John)      (b. 1874 - d. 1954)
 2 Jan 1929 -  1 Oct 1929    Edmund Henry Salt James
                             (2nd time) (acting for St. John) (s.a.)
29 Oct 1930 - 23 Mar 1931  Charles Edward Bruce (acting)      (b. 1876 - d. 1950)
23 Mar 1931 -  1 Apr 1936  Norman Cater (from 1 Jan 1934,
                           Sir Norman Cater)                  (b. 1880 - d. 1957)
                           (acting to 17 Dec 1931)
10 May 1932 -  1 Oct 1932    John Aloysius Brett              (b. 1879 - d. 1955)
                             (acting for Cater)
 1 Apr 1936 - 18 Apr 1936  Ronald Wingate (1st time) (acting) (b. 1889 - d. 1978)
18 Apr 1936 - 20 Jun 1937  Arthur Edward Broadbent Parsons
                           (1st time) (acting)                (b. 1884 - d. 1966)
20 Jun 1937 - 28 Nov 1937  Ronald Wingate (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
28 Nov 1937 - 14 Mar 1938  Olaf Caroe (acting)                (b. 1892 - d. 1981)
14 Mar 1938 - 11 Aug 1939  Arthur Edward Broadbent Parsons
                           (from 9 Jun 1938, Sir Arthur
                           Edward Broadbent Parsons)
                           (2nd time)                         (s.a.)
11 Aug 1939 - 24 Nov 1943  Sir Aubrey Metcalfe                (b. 1883 - d. 1957)
24 Nov 1943 - 14 May 1946  Rupert Hay                         (b. 1893 - d. 1962)
14 May 1946 -        1946  Henry Mortimer Poulton             (b. 1898 - d. 1973)
       1946 -  3 Oct 1947  Sir Geoffrey Prior                 (b. 1896 - d. 1972)

Bengal

       1633                first English settlement (subordinate to Madras)
 3 Sep 1681                Bengal a separate agency
   Jan 1694 -        1698  subordinated to Madras
26 May 1700                Presidency of Bengal
20 Oct 1774                direct rule by central government of British India
       1854                Bengal province
16 Oct 1905                divided into two provinces: Bengal, and Eastern Bengal and Assam
 1 Apr 1912                division reversed; Bengal Presidency restored; Assam and Bihar and
                           Orissa made separate provinces
15 Aug 1947                divided between India (West Bengal) and Pakistan
                           (East Bengal)

Governors
26 May 1700 -  7 Jan 1701  Charles Eyre
 7 Jan 1701 -        1705  John Bead
       1705 -    Jul 1705  Edward Littleton                   (b. 16... - d. 1705)
   Jul 1705 - 20 Jul 1710  Council
20 Jul 1710 -  4 Mar 1711  Anthony Weltden
 4 Mar 1711 -  3 Dec 1713  John Russell
 3 Dec 1713 - 12 Jan 1718  Robert Hedges
12 Jan 1718 - 17 Jan 1723  Samuel Flake
17 Jan 1723 - 30 Jan 1726  John Deane (1st time)
30 Jan 1726 - 17 Sep 1728  Henry Frankland
17 Sep 1728 - 18 Sep 1728  Edward Stephenson
18 Sep 1728 - 25 Feb 1732  John Deane (2nd time)
25 Feb 1732 - 29 Jan 1739  John Stackhouse
29 Jan 1739 -  4 Feb 1746  Thomas Broddyll
 4 Feb 1746 - 18 Apr 1748  John Forster
18 Apr 1748 - 17 Jun 1749  William Barwell
17 Jun 1749 -  5 Jul 1752  Adam Dawson
 5 Jul 1752 -  8 Aug 1752  William Fytche
 8 Aug 1752 -    Oct 1756  Roger Drake
   Oct 1756 - 28 Jan 1760  Robert Clive (1st time)            (b. 1725 - d. 1774)
28 Jan 1760 - 27 Jul 1760  John Zephaniah Holwell (acting)    (b. 1711 - d. 1798)
27 Jul 1760 -  3 Dec 1764  Henry Vansittart                   (b. 1732 - d. 1769)
 3 Dec 1764 -  3 May 1765  John Spencer (acting)              (b. c.1725 - d. c.1770)
 3 May 1765 - 29 Jan 1767  Robert Clive, Baron Clive of
                           Plassey (2nd time)                 (s.a.)
29 Jan 1767 - 26 Dec 1769  Harry Verelst                      (b. c.1733 - d. 1785)
26 Dec 1769 - 13 Apr 1772  John Cartier                       (b. 1733 - d. 1802)
13 Apr 1772 - 20 Oct 1774  Warren Hastings                    (b. 1732 - d. 1818)
Lieutenant governors
       1854 -  1 May 1859  Frederick James Halliday           (b. 1806 - d. 1901)
 1 May 1859 - 24 Apr 1862  John Peter Grant (from 14 Feb
                           1862, Sir John Peter Grant)        (b. 1807 - d. 1893)
24 Apr 1862 - 24 Apr 1867  Cecil Beadon (from 24 May 1866,
                           Sir Cecil Beadon)                  (b. 1816 - d. 1880)
24 Apr 1867 -  1 Mar 1871  William Grey (from 28 May 1870,
                           Sir William Grey)                  (b. 1818 - d. 1878)
 1 Mar 1871 -  9 Apr 1874  George Campbell (from 24 May 1873,
                           Sir George Campbell)               (b. 1824 - d. 1892)
 9 Apr 1874 -  8 Jan 1877  Sir Richard Temple                 (b. 1826 - d. 1902)
 8 Jan 1877 - 24 Apr 1882  Ashley Eden (from 25 May 1878,
                           Sir Ashley Eden)                   (b. 1831 - d. 1887)
                           (acting to 1 Jun 1877)
15 Jul 1879 -  1 Dec 1879    Sir Steuart Colvin Bayley
                             (1st time) (acting for Eden)     (b. 1836 - d. 1925)
24 Apr 1882 -  2 Apr 1887  Augustus Rivers Thompson (from 1
                           Jan 1885, Sir Augustus Rivers
                           Thompson)                          (b. 1829 - d. 1890)
11 Aug 1885 - 17 Sep 1885    Horace Abel Cockerell            (b. 1832 - d. 1908)
                             (acting for Thompson)
 2 Apr 1887 - 17 Dec 1890  Sir Steuart Colvin Bayley
                           (2nd time)                         (s.a.)
17 Dec 1890 - 18 Dec 1895  Sir Charles Alfred Elliott         (b. 1835 - d. 1911)
30 May 1893 - 30 Nov 1893    Sir Antony Patrick MacDonnell    (b. 1844 - d. 1925)
                             (acting for Elliott)
18 Dec 1895 -  7 Apr 1898  Sir Alexander Mackenzie            (b. 1842 - d. 1902)
23 Jun 1897 - 21 Dec 1897    Charles Cecil Stevens            (b. 1840 - d. 1909)
                             (acting for Mackenzie)
 7 Apr 1898 - 21 Nov 1902  Sir John Woodburn                  (b. 1843 - d. 1902)
22 Nov 1902 -  2 Nov 1903  James Austin Bourdillon (acting)   (b. 1848 - d. 1913)
 2 Nov 1903 -  1 Dec 1908  Sir Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser  (b. 1848 - d. 1919)
10 Apr 1906 - 16 Aug 1906    Lancelot Hare                    (b. 1851 - d. 1922)
                             (acting for Fraser)
16 Aug 1906 -  8 Oct 1906    Francis Alexander Slacke         (b. 1853 - d. 1940)
                             (acting for Fraser)
 1 Dec 1908 - 14 Jul 1911  Sir Edward Norman Baker            (b. 1857 - d. 1913)
14 Jul 1911 -  1 Apr 1912  Frederick William Duke (from 12
                           Dec 1911, Sir Frederick William
                           Duke)                              (b. 1863 - d. 1924)
Governors
 1 Apr 1912 - 26 Mar 1917  Thomas David Gibson-Carmichael,
                           Baron Carmichael                   (b. 1859 - d. 1926)
26 Mar 1917 - 28 Mar 1922  Lawrence John Lumley Dundas, Earl
                           of Ronaldshay                      (b. 1876 - d. 1961)
28 Mar 1922 - 28 Mar 1927  Victor Alexander George Robert
                           Bulwer-Lytton, Earl of Lytton      (b. 1876 - d. 1947)
28 Mar 1927 - 29 Mar 1932  Sir Stanley Jackson                (b. 1870 - d. 1947)
29 Mar 1932 - 27 Nov 1937  Sir John Anderson                  (b. 1882 - d. 1958)
27 Nov 1937 - 23 Feb 1939  Michael Herbert Rudolph
                           Knatchbull, Baron Brabourne        (b. 1895 - d. 1939)
24 Feb 1939 - 12 Jun 1939  Sir Robert Niel Reid (acting)      (b. 1883 - d. 1964)
12 Jun 1939 - 18 Nov 1939  Sir John Ackroyd Woodhead          (b. 1881 - d. 1973)
18 Nov 1939 -  6 Sep 1943  Sir John Arthur Herbert            (b. 1895 - d. 1943)
 6 Sep 1943 - 22 Jan 1944  Sir Thomas George Rutherford       (b. 1886 - d. 1957)
                           (acting)
22 Jan 1944 - 19 Feb 1946  Richard Gardiner Casey             (b. 1890 - d. 1976)
19 Feb 1946 - 14 Aug 1947  Sir Frederick Burrows              (b. 1887 - d. 1973)

Chief ministers 1937 - Jul 1943 A.K. Fazlul Huq (b. 1873 - d. 1962) Jul 1943 - Aug 1945 Khwaja Nazimuddin (b. 1894 - d. 1964) Chief minister of East Bengal Jun 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy (b. 1893 - d. 1963) Chief minister of West Bengal 3 Jul 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Prafulla Ghosh (b. 1891 - d. 1983)

Bihar and Orissa

       1756                Bihar part of Bengal
       1803                Orissa occupied by U.K.
 1 Apr 1912                separated from Bengal as Bihar and Orissa province
 1 Apr 1936                Bihar and Orissa become separate provinces
15 Aug 1947                part of independent India

Lieutenant governors
 1 Apr 1912 - 19 Nov 1915  Sir Charles Bayley                 (b. 1854 - d. 1935)
19 Nov 1915 - 29 Dec 1920  Sir Edward Albert Gait             (b. 1863 - d. 1950)
 5 Apr 1918 - 12 Aug 1918    Sir Edward Vere Levinge          (b. 1867 - d. 1954)
                             (acting for Gait)
Governors
29 Dec 1920 - 29 Nov 1921  Satyendra Prasanna Sinha,
                           Baron Sinha of Raipur              (b. 1864 - d. 1928)
29 Nov 1921 - 12 Apr 1922  Havilland Le Mesurier (from 2 Jan
                           1922, Sir Havilland Le Mesurier)   (b. 1866 - d. 1931)
                           (acting)
12 Apr 1922 -  7 Apr 1927  Sir Henry Wheeler                  (b. 1870 - d. 1950)
 7 Apr 1927 -  7 Apr 1932  Sir Hugh Stephenson                (b. 1871 - d. 1941)
 7 Apr 1932 -  1 Apr 1936  Sir James David Sifton             (b. 1878 - d. 1952)

Bihar

Governors
 1 Apr 1936 - 11 Mar 1937  Sir James David Sifton             (s.a.)
11 Mar 1937 -  5 Aug 1939  Sir Maurice Garnier Hallett        (b. 1883 - d. 1969)
 5 Aug 1939 -  9 Mar 1943  Sir Thomas Alexander Stewart       (b. 1888 - d. 1964)
                           (acting to Sep 1939)
 9 Mar 1943 - 13 May 1946  Thomas George Rutherford (from
                           19 Mar 1943, Sir Thomas George
                           Rutherford)                        (b. 1886 - d. 1957)
 6 Sep 1943 - 24 Apr 1944    Francis Mudie                    (b. 1890 - d. 1976)
                             (acting for Rutherford)
13 May 1946 - 14 Aug 1947  Sir Hugh Dow                       (b. 1886 - d. 1978)

Chief minister 1937 - Oct 1939 Srikrishna Sinha (1st time) (b. 1888 - d. 1961) 23 Mar 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Srikrishna Sinha (2nd time) (s.a.)

Orissa

Governors
 1 Apr 1936 -  1 Apr 1941  Sir John Hubback                   (b. 1878 - d. 1968)
11 Aug 1938 -  8 Dec 1938    George Townsend Boag             (b. 1884 - d. 1969)
                             (acting for Hubback)
 1 Apr 1941 -  1 Apr 1946  Sir Hawthorne Lewis                (b. 1888 - d. 1970)
 1 Apr 1946 - 14 Aug 1947  Sir Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi    (b. 1893 - d. 1980)

Chief ministers 1 Apr 1937 - 19 Jul 1937 Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo (1st time) (b. 1892 - d. 1974) 19 Jul 1937 - 4 Nov 1939 Biswanath Das (b. 1889 - d. 1984) 24 Nov 1941 - 29 Jun 1944 Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo (2nd time) (s.a.) 23 Apr 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Harekrushna Mahatab (b. 1899 - d. 1987)

Bombay

23 Jun 1661                Bombay Island and dependencies ceded to England by Portugal
18 Sep 1662                English arrive to take possession
18 Feb 1665                final cession of Bombay to England
23 Sep 1668 -  2 May 1685  Bombay Presidency subordinated to Surat,
                           under British East India Company rule
15 Aug 1947                part of independent India

Governors
17 May 1694 -    Nov 1704  Sir John Gayer                     (b. 16... - d. 1711)
   Nov 1704 -    Sep 1708  Sir Nicholas Waite
   Sep 1708 - 11 Oct 1715  William Aislabie
11 Oct 1715 - 26 Dec 1715  Stephen Strutt (acting)
26 Dec 1715 -  9 Jan 1722  Charles Boone
 9 Jan 1722 - 10 Jan 1729  William Phipps
10 Jan 1729 - 22 Sep 1734  Robert Cowan
22 Sep 1734 -  7 Apr 1739  John Horne
 7 Apr 1739 - 15 Nov 1742  Stephen Law
15 Nov 1742 - 26 Nov 1742  John Geekie (acting)
26 Nov 1742 - 17 Nov 1750  William Wake
17 Nov 1750 -        1760  Richard Bourchier
       1760 - 28 Feb 1760  John Holkell (acting)
28 Feb 1760 - 27 Jan 1767  Charles Crommellin
27 Jan 1767 - 23 Feb 1771  Thomas Hodges                      (b. ... - d. 1771)
26 Feb 1771 -  1 Jan 1784  William Hornby                     (b. ... - d. 1803)
 1 Jan 1784 -  9 Jan 1788  Rawson Hart Bodham
 9 Jan 1788 -  6 Sep 1788  Andrew Ramsay (acting)
 6 Sep 1788 - 21 Jan 1790  Sir William Medows                 (b. 1738 - d. 1813)
21 Jan 1790 - 26 Nov 1792  Sir Robert Abercromby              (b. 1740 - d. 1827)
26 Nov 1792 -  9 Nov 1795  George Dick (acting)
 9 Nov 1795 - 27 Dec 1795  John Griffith (acting)
27 Dec 1795 - 11 Aug 1811  Jonathan Duncan                    (b. 1756 - d. 1811)
11 Aug 1811 - 12 Aug 1812  George Brown (acting)
12 Aug 1812 -  1 Nov 1819  Sir Evan Nepean                    (b. 1751 - d. 1822)
 1 Nov 1819 -  1 Nov 1827  Mountstuart Elphinstone            (b. 1779 - d. 1859)
 1 Nov 1827 -  1 Dec 1830  Sir John Malcolm                   (b. 1769 - d. 1833)
 1 Dec 1830 - 17 Jan 1831  Sir Thomas Sidney Beckwith         (b. 1772 - d. 1831)
                           (acting)
17 Jan 1831 - 21 Mar 1831  John Romer (acting)
21 Mar 1831 - 17 Mar 1835  John Fitzgibbon, Earl of Clare     (b. 1792 - d. 1851)
17 Mar 1835 - 11 Jul 1838  Sir Robert Grant                   (b. 1779 - d. 1838)
11 Jul 1838 - 31 May 1839  James Farish (acting)
31 May 1839 - 28 Apr 1841  Sir James Rivett-Carnac            (b. 1785 - d. 1846)
28 Apr 1841 -  9 May 1842  George William Anderson (acting)   (b. 1791 - d. 1857)
 9 May 1842 -  6 Jul 1846  Sir George Arthur                  (b. 1784 - d. 1854)
 6 Jul 1846 - 23 Jan 1847  Lestock Robert Reid (acting)
23 Jan 1847 -  1 May 1848  George Russell Clerk (from 27 Apr
                           1848, Sir George Russell Clerk)
                           (1st time)                         (b. 1800 - d. 1889)
 1 May 1848 - 26 Dec 1853  Lucius Bentinck Carey, Viscount
                           Falkland                           (b. 1803 - d. 1884)
26 Dec 1853 - 11 May 1860  John Elphinstone, Baron
                           Elphinstone                        (b. 1807 - d. 1860)
11 May 1860 - 24 Apr 1862  Sir George Russell Clerk
                           (2nd time)                         (s.a.)
24 Apr 1862 -  6 Mar 1867  Sir Bartle Edward Frere            (b. 1815 - d. 1884)
 6 Mar 1867 -  6 May 1872  William Robert Seymour Vesey
                           Fitzgerald (from 22 Oct 1867,
                           Sir William Robert Seymour Vesey
                           Fitzgerald)                        (b. 1818 - d. 1885)
 6 May 1872 - 30 Apr 1877  Sir Philip Edmond Wodehouse        (b. 1811 - d. 1887)
30 Apr 1877 - 13 Mar 1880  Sir Richard Temple                 (b. 1826 - d. 1902)
13 Mar 1880 - 28 Apr 1880  Lionel Robert Ashburner (acting)   (b. 1827 - d. 1907)
28 Apr 1880 - 27 Mar 1885  Sir James Fergusson                (b. 1832 - d. 1907)
27 Mar 1885 - 30 Mar 1885  James Braithwaite Peile (acting)   (b. 1833 - d. 1906)
30 Mar 1885 - 12 Apr 1890  Donald James Mackay, Baron Reay    (b. 1839 - d. 1921)
12 Apr 1890 - 16 Feb 1895  George Robert Canning Harris,
                           Baron Harris                       (b. 1851 - d. 1932)
16 Feb 1895 - 18 Feb 1895  Herbert Mills Birdwood (acting)    (b. 1837 - d. 1907)
18 Feb 1895 - 17 Feb 1900  William Mansfield, Baron Sandhurst (b. 1855 - d. 1921)
17 Feb 1900 -  5 Sep 1903  Henry Stafford Northcote,
                           Baron Northcote                    (b. 1846 - d. 1911)
 5 Sep 1903 - 12 Dec 1903  Sir James Monteath (acting)        (b. 1847 - d. 1929)
12 Dec 1903 - 28 Jul 1907  Charles Wallace Alexander Napier
                           Cochrane-Baillie, Baron Lamington  (b. 1860 - d. 1940)
28 Jul 1907 - 18 Oct 1907  John William Pitt Muir-Mackenzie   (b. 1854 - d. 1916)
                           (acting)
18 Oct 1907 -  4 Apr 1913  Sir George Sydenham Clarke         (b. 1848 - d. 1933)
 4 Apr 1913 - 17 Dec 1918  Freeman Freeman-Thomas, Baron
                           Willingdon                         (b. 1866 - d. 1941)
17 Dec 1918 -  8 Dec 1923  Sir George Ambrose Lloyd           (b. 1879 - d. 1941)
 8 Dec 1923 - 10 Dec 1923  Sir Maurice Hayward (acting)       (b. 1868 - d. 1964)
10 Dec 1923 -  8 Dec 1928  Sir Leslie Orme Wilson             (b. 1876 - d. 1955)
20 Mar 1926 - 19 Jul 1926    Sir Henry Staveley Lawrence      (b. 1870 - d. 1949)
                             (acting for Wilson)
 8 Dec 1928 -  9 Dec 1933  Sir Frederick Sykes                (b. 1877 - d. 1954)
 9 Dec 1933 - 18 Sep 1937  Michael Herbert Rudolph
                           Knatchbull, Baron Brabourne        (b. 1895 - d. 1939)
30 May 1936 - 29 Sep 1936    Sir Robert Duncan Bell           (b. 1878 - d. 1953)
                             (acting for Brabourne)
18 Sep 1937 - 24 Mar 1943  Sir Lawrence Roger Lumley          (b. 1896 - d. 1969)
24 Mar 1943 - 14 Aug 1947  Sir David John Colville            (b. 1894 - d. 1954)

Chief minister 30 Mar 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Bal Gangadhar Kher (b. 1888 - d. 1957)

Central Provinces and Berar

       1852                Nagpur province
       1861                Nagpur united with the Saugor Nerbudda territories
       1862                renamed Central Provinces
 1 Oct 1903                Berar (perpetually leased from Haydarabad) administered by
                           Central Provinces
24 Oct 1936                Central Provinces united with Berar
15 Aug 1947                part of independent India

Chief commissioners
11 Dec 1861 - 12 Mar 1864  Edward King Elliot                 (b. 1811 - d. 1865)
12 Mar 1864 - 17 Mar 1864  John Scarlett Campbell (acting)    (b. 1828 - d. 1897)
17 Mar 1864 -  4 Apr 1867  Richard Temple                     (b. 1826 - d. 1902)
 4 Apr 1867 - 27 Nov 1867  John Henry Morris (1st time)       (b. 1828 - d. 1912)
                           (acting)
27 Nov 1867 - 16 Apr 1868  George Campbell                    (b. 1824 - d. 1892)
16 Apr 1868 - 30 Apr 1883  John Henry Morris (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                           (acting to 27 May 1870)
30 Apr 1883 -  1 Apr 1884  William Brittain Jones             (b. 1834 - d. 1912)
 1 Apr 1884 - 15 Dec 1885  Charles Haukes Todd Crosthwaite    (b. 1835 - d. 1915)
                           (acting to 27 Jan 1885)
15 Dec 1885 - 19 Feb 1887  Dennis Fitzpatrick (acting)        (b. 1837 - d. 1920)
19 Feb 1887 - 24 Mar 1887  John William Neill (1st time)
                           (acting)
24 Mar 1887 - 18 Nov 1890  Alexander Mackenzie                (b. 1842 - d. 1902)
18 Nov 1890 - 28 Jan 1891  John William Neill (2nd time)
                           (acting)
28 Jan 1891 - 25 May 1893  Antony Patrick MacDonnell (from
                           2 Jan 1893, Sir Antony Patrick
                           MacDonnell)                        (b. 1844 - d. 1925)
25 May 1893 - 21 Dec 1895  John Woodburn                      (b. 1843 - d. 1902)
                           (acting to 30 Nov 1893)
21 Dec 1895 - 14 Jul 1898  Charles James Lyall (from 22 Jun
                           1897, Sir Charles James Lyall)     (b. 1845 - d. 1920)
14 Jul 1898 - 27 Nov 1899  Denzil Charles Jelf Ibbetson       (b. 1847 - d. 1908)
27 Nov 1899 - 16 Sep 1902  Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser      (b. 1848 - d. 1919)
                           (acting to 5 Mar 1902)
16 Sep 1902 - 18 Mar 1904  John Hewett                        (b. 1854 - d. 1941)
                           (acting to 2 Nov 1903)
18 Mar 1904 -  4 May 1905  Frederic Styles Philpin Lely (from
                           2 Jan 1905, Sir Frederic Styles
                           Philpin Lely)                      (b. 1846 - d. 1934)
                           (acting to 23 Dec 1904)
 4 May 1905 - 25 Mar 1907  John Ontario Miller                (b. 1857 - d. 1943)
21 Jul 1906 - 22 Oct 1906    Stanley Ismay                    (b. 1848 - d. 1914)
                             (acting for Miller)
25 Mar 1907 - 26 Jan 1912  Reginald Craddock (from 12 Dec
                           1911, Sir Reginald Craddock)       (b. 1864 - d. 1937)
26 Jan 1912 - 17 Feb 1912  Henry Ashbrooke Crump (acting)     (b. 1863 - d. 1941)
17 Feb 1912 -  3 Aug 1912  Maurice Walter Fox-Strangways      (b. 1862 - d. 1938)
                           (acting)
 3 Aug 1912 - 26 Jan 1920  Sir Benjamin Robertson             (b. 1864 - d. 1953)
26 Jan 1920 - 17 Dec 1920  Sir Frank George Sly               (b. 1866 - d. 1928)
Governors
17 Dec 1920 - 26 Jan 1925  Sir Frank George Sly               (s.a.)
26 Jan 1925 - 29 Nov 1929  Sir Montagu Sherard Dawes Butler
                           (1st time)                         (b. 1873 - d. 1952)
29 Nov 1929 - 29 Mar 1930  Shripad Balwant Tambe (acting)     (b. 1875 - d. 1958)
29 Mar 1930 - 15 Sep 1933  Sir Montagu Sherard Dawes Butler
                           (2nd time)                         (s.a.)
15 Sep 1933 -  3 Mar 1938  Sir Hyde Clarendon Gowan           (b. 1878 - d. 1938)
 3 Mar 1938 - 27 May 1938  Hugh Bomford (acting)              (b. 1882 - d. 1939)
28 May 1938 -  1 Jun 1940  Sir Francis Verner Wylie           (b. 1891 - d. 1970)
 1 Jun 1940 - 16 Sep 1946  Henry Joseph Twynam (from 4 Oct
                           1940, Sir Henry Joseph Twynam)     (b. 1887 - d. 1966)
                           (acting to 1 Oct 1940)
16 Sep 1946 - 14 Aug 1947  Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne      (b. 1891 - d. 1977)

Chief ministers 14 Jul 1937 - 29 Jul 1938 Narayan Bhaskar Khare (b. 1882 - d. 1970) 20 Apr 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Ravi Shankar Shukla (b. 1877 - d. 1956)

Coorg

       1834                annexed by U.K.
15 Aug 1947                part of independent India

Commissioners (from 24 Feb 1869, chief commissioners)
   Oct 1834 -    Jan 1836  James Stuart Fraser                (b. 1783 - d. 1869)
   Jan 1836 - 25 Mar 1881  the (chief) commissioners of Mysore
25 Mar 1881 -  1 Jul 1940  the residents in Mysore
 1 Jul 1940 - 26 Apr 1943  Joseph William Pritchard           (b. 1903 - d. ...)
26 Apr 1943 - 14 Aug 1947  Diwan Bahadur Ketoli Chengappa     (b. 1878 - d. 1963)

Delhi

       1832                part of North-Western Provinces
       1858                part of Punjab
       1912                separate province
15 Aug 1947                part of independent India

Chief commissioners
 1 Oct 1912 -  7 Nov 1918  Malcolm Hailey                     (b. 1872 - d. 1969)
 7 Nov 1918 - 31 Mar 1924  Claud Alexander Barron             (b. 1871 - d. 1948)
31 Mar 1924 - 15 Apr 1926  Evelyn Robins Abbott               (b. 1873 - d. 1950)
15 Apr 1926 - 29 Mar 1928  Alexander Montague Stow            (b. 1873 - d. 1936)
29 Mar 1928 -  7 Aug 1928  Gordon Johnson (1st time) (acting) (b. 1885 - d. 1955)
 8 Aug 1928 - 21 Mar 1932  Sir John Perronet Thompson         (b. 1873 - d. 1935)
21 Mar 1932 - 21 Mar 1937  Gordon Johnson (2nd time)          (s.a.)
21 Mar 1937 -  1 Jul 1940  Evan Meredith Jenkins              (b. 1896 - d. 1985)
 1 Jul 1940 -  6 Sep 1945  Arthur Vivian Askwith              (b. 1893 - d. 1971)
 6 Sep 1945 - 14 Aug 1947  William Christie                   (b. 1896 - d. 1983)

Madras

 1 Mar 1640                Madras an English possession
       1640 -        1652  subordinate to Bantam (in the East Indies)
       1652 -        1655  Presidency of Madras
       1684                Presidency of Madras
10 Sep 1746 -    Aug 1749  French occupation
20 Oct 1774                part of British India
15 Aug 1947                part of independent India

Governors
 7 Jul 1698 - 18 Sep 1709  Thomas Pitt                        (b. 1653 - d. 1726)
18 Sep 1709 - 17 Oct 1709  Gulston Addison                    (b. 16... - d. 1709)
17 Oct 1709 -  3 Nov 1709  Edmund Montague (acting)
 3 Nov 1709 - 11 Jul 1711  William Fraser (acting)
11 Jul 1711 -  8 Jan 1717  Edward Harrison
 8 Jan 1717 - 18 Jan 1720  Joseph Collet
18 Jan 1720 - 15 Oct 1721  Francis Hastings (acting)
15 Oct 1721 - 15 Jan 1725  Nathaniel Elwick
15 Jan 1725 - 14 May 1730  James Macrae                       (b. c.1677 - d. 1744)
14 May 1730 - 23 Jan 1735  George Morton Pitt
23 Jan 1735 - 17 Jan 1744  Richard Benyon                     (b. 1698 - d. ...)
17 Jan 1744 - 10 Sep 1746  Nicholas Morse
10 Sep 1746 - 14 Apr 1747  John Hinde (in Fort David)         (b. ... - d. 1747)
   Sep 1746 -    Aug 1749    Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil  (b. 1714 - d. 1767)
                             (French governor)
16 Apr 1747 - 19 Sep 1750  Charles Floyer (in Fort David)
19 Sep 1750 - 14 Jan 1755  Thomas Saunders
                           (in Fort David to 5 Apr 1752)
14 Jan 1755 - 14 Nov 1763  George Pigot (1st time)            (b. 1719 - d. 1777)
14 Nov 1763 - 25 Jan 1767  Robert Palk                        (b. 1717 - d. 1798)
25 Jan 1767 - 31 Jan 1770  Charles Bourchier
31 Jan 1770 -  2 Feb 1773  Josias DuPré
 2 Feb 1773 - 11 Dec 1775  Alexander Wynch
11 Dec 1775 - 23 Aug 1776  George Pigot (2nd time)            (s.a.)
23 Aug 1776 - 31 Aug 1777  George Stratton
31 Aug 1777 -  8 Feb 1778  John Whitehill (1st time) (acting) (b. 1735 - d. ...)
 8 Feb 1778 -  6 Apr 1780  Thomas Rumbold (from 23 Mar 1779,
                           Sir Thomas Rumbold)                (b. 1736 - d. 1791)
 6 Apr 1780 -  8 Nov 1780  John Whitehill (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
 8 Nov 1780 - 22 Jun 1781  Charles Smith (acting)             (b. 1736 - d. ...)
22 Jun 1781 - 14 Jun 1785  George Macartney                   (b. 1737 - d. 1806)
14 Jun 1785 -  6 Apr 1786  Alexander Davidson (acting)        (b. 1742 - d. 1791)
 6 Apr 1786 -  7 Feb 1789  Sir Archibald Campbell             (b. 1739 - d. 1791)
 7 Feb 1789 - 13 Feb 1790  John Hollond (acting)
13 Feb 1790 - 20 Feb 1790  Edward J. Hollond (acting)
20 Feb 1790 -  1 Aug 1792  William Medows                     (b. 1738 - d. 1813)
 1 Aug 1792 -  7 Sep 1794  Sir Charles Oakeley                (b. 1751 - d. 1826)
 7 Sep 1794 - 21 Feb 1798  Robert Hobart, Baron Hobart        (b. 1760 - d. 1816)
21 Feb 1798 - 21 Aug 1798  George Harris (acting)
21 Aug 1798 - 30 Aug 1803  Edward Clive, Baron Powis          (b. 1754 - d. 1839)
30 Aug 1803 - 11 Sep 1807  William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck   (b. 1774 - d. 1839)
11 Sep 1807 -    Dec 1807  William Petrie (acting)            (b. 17... - d. 1816)
   Dec 1807 - 24 Feb 1808  ... (acting)
24 Feb 1808 - 21 May 1813  Sir George Hilario Barlow          (b. 1762 - d. 1846)
21 May 1813 - 16 Sep 1814  John Abercromby (acting)           (b. 1772 - d. 1817)
16 Sep 1814 - 10 Jun 1820  Hugh Elliot                        (b. 1752 - d. 1830)
10 Jun 1820 - 10 Jul 1827  Sir Thomas Munro                   (b. 1761 - d. 1827)
10 Jul 1827 - 18 Oct 1827  Henry Sullivan Graeme (acting)
18 Oct 1827 - 25 Oct 1832  Stephen Rumbold Lushington         (b. 1776 - d. 1868)
25 Oct 1832 -  4 Mar 1837  Sir Frederick Adam                 (b. 1781 - d. 1853)
 4 Mar 1837 -  6 Mar 1837  George Edward Russell (acting)     (b. 1787 - d. 1863)
 6 Mar 1837 - 24 Sep 1842  John Elphinstone, Baron
                           Elphinstone                        (b. 1807 - d. 1860)
24 Sep 1842 - 23 Feb 1848  George Hay, Marquess of Tweeddale  (b. 1787 - d. 1876)
23 Feb 1848 -  7 Apr 1848  Henry Dickinson (acting)
 7 Apr 1848 - 24 Apr 1854  Sir Henry Pottinger                (b. 1789 - d. 1856)
24 Apr 1854 - 28 Apr 1854  Daniel Eliott (acting)
28 Apr 1854 - 28 Mar 1859  George Francis Robert Harris,
                           Baron Harris                       (b. 1810 - d. 1872)
28 Mar 1859 -  8 Jun 1860  Sir Charles Edward Trevelyan       (b. 1807 - d. 1886)
 8 Jun 1860 -  5 Jul 1860  William Ambrose Morehead
                           (1st time) (acting)                (b. 1805 - d. 1863)
 5 Jul 1860 -  2 Aug 1860  Sir Henry George Ward              (b. 1797 - d. 1860)
 4 Aug 1860 - 18 Feb 1861  William Ambrose Morehead
                           (2nd time) (acting)                (s.a.)
18 Feb 1861 - 27 Mar 1866  Sir William Thomas Denison         (b. 1804 - d. 1871)
27 Mar 1866 - 19 Feb 1872  Francis Napier, Baron Napier
                           of Merchistoun                     (b. 1819 - d. 1898)
19 Feb 1872 - 15 May 1872  Alexander John Arbuthnot (acting)  (b. 1822 - d. 1907)
15 May 1872 - 27 Apr 1875  Vere Henry Hobart                  (b. 1818 - d. 1875)
29 Apr 1875 - 23 Nov 1875  William Rose Robinson (acting)     (b. 1822 - d. 1886)
23 Nov 1875 - 20 Dec 1880  Richard Plantagenet Campbell
                           Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-
                           Grenville, Duke of Buckingham
                           and Chandos                        (b. 1823 - d. 1889)
20 Dec 1880 - 24 May 1881  William Patrick Adam               (b. 1823 - d. 1881)
24 May 1881 -  5 Nov 1881  William Hudleston (acting)         (b. 1826 - d. 1894)
 5 Nov 1881 -  8 Dec 1886  Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant Duff
                           (from 28 Jul 1886, Sir Mountstuart
                           Elphinstone Grant Duff)            (b. 1829 - d. 1906)
 8 Dec 1886 -  1 Dec 1890  Robert Bourke, (from 12 May 1887)
                           Baron Connemara                    (b. 1827 - d. 1902)
 1 Dec 1890 - 23 Jan 1891  John Henry Garstin (acting)        (b. 1838 - d. 1903)
23 Jan 1891 - 18 Mar 1896  Beilby Lawley, Baron Wenlock       (b. 1849 - d. 1912)
18 Mar 1896 - 28 Dec 1900  Sir Arthur Elibank Havelock        (b. 1844 - d. 1908)
28 Dec 1900 - 15 Feb 1906  Oliver Villiers Russell, Baron
                           Ampthill                           (b. 1869 - d. 1935)
15 Feb 1906 - 28 Mar 1906  Gabriel Stokes (acting)            (b. 1849 - d. 1920)
28 Mar 1906 -  3 Nov 1911  Sir Arthur Lawley                  (b. 1860 - d. 1932)
 3 Nov 1911 - 30 Mar 1912  Sir Thomas David Gibson-Carmichael
                           (from 9 Feb 1912, Thomas David
                           Gibson-Carmichael, Baron
                           Carmichael)                        (b. 1859 - d. 1926)
30 Mar 1912 - 30 Oct 1912  Sir Murray Hammick (acting)        (b. 1854 - d. 1936)
30 Oct 1912 - 29 Mar 1919  John Sinclair, Baron Pentland      (b. 1860 - d. 1925)
29 Mar 1919 - 10 Apr 1919  Sir Alexander Gordon Cardew        (b. 1861 - d. 1937)
                           (acting)
10 Apr 1919 - 12 Apr 1924  Freeman Freeman-Thomas, Baron
                           Willingdon                         (b. 1866 - d. 1941)
12 Apr 1924 - 14 Apr 1924  Sir Charles George Todhunter       (b. 1869 - d. 1949)
                           (acting)
14 Apr 1924 - 29 Jun 1929  George Joachim Goschen, Viscount
                           Goschen                            (b. 1866 - d. 1952)
29 Jun 1929 - 11 Nov 1929  Sir Norman Edward Majoribanks      (b. 1872 - d. 1939)
                           (acting)
12 Nov 1929 - 15 Nov 1934  Sir George Frederick Stanley       (b. 1872 - d. 1938)
15 Nov 1934 - 12 Mar 1940  Sir John Francis Ashley Erskine    (b. 1895 - d. 1953)
12 Mar 1940 - 26 Feb 1946  Arthur Oswald James Hope           (b. 1897 - d. 1958)
26 Feb 1946 -  5 May 1946  Sir Henry Foley Knight (acting)    (b. 1886 - d. 1960)
 6 May 1946 - 14 Aug 1947  Sir Archibald Edward Nye           (b. 1895 - d. 1967)

Chief ministers 17 Dec 1920 - 11 Jul 1921 Subbarayalu Reddiar (b. 1855 - d. 1921) 11 Jul 1921 - 3 Dec 1926 Raja of Panagal (b. 1866 - d. 1928) 4 Dec 1926 - 27 Oct 1930 P. Subbarayan (b. 1889 - d. 1963) 27 Oct 1930 - 4 Nov 1932 Munuswamy Naidu (b. 1885 - d. 1935) 5 Nov 1932 - 4 Apr 1936 Ramakrishna Ranga Rao, Raja of Bobbili (1st time) (b. 1901 - d. 1978) 4 Apr 1936 - 24 Aug 1936 P.T. Rajan 24 Aug 1936 - 1 Apr 1937 Ramakrishna Ranga Rao, Raja of Bobbili (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Apr 1937 - 14 Jul 1937 Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu 14 Jul 1937 - 29 Oct 1939 Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (b. 1878 - d. 1972) 30 Apr 1946 - 23 Mar 1947 Tanguturi Prakasam (b. 1872 - d. 1957) 23 Mar 1947 - 14 Aug 1947 Amandur Ramaswami Reddiar

North-West Frontier Province

       1849                British capture area from Punjab
       1901                North-West Frontier Province created
15 Aug 1947                part of Pakistan

Chief commissioners
 9 Nov 1901 -  7 Jul 1908  Harold Arthur Deane (from 1 Jan
                           1906, Harold Arthur Deane)         (b. 1854 - d. 1908)
 8 Jul 1908 - 10 Sep 1919  George Olof Roos-Keppel (from
                           14 Aug 1908, Sir George Olof
                           Roos-Keppel)                       (b. 1866 - d. 1921)
16 Nov 1909 - 31 Oct 1910    William Rudolph Henry Merk       (b. 1852 - d. 1925)
                             (acting for Roos-Keppel)
28 Aug 1913 - 28 Jan 1915    John Stuart Donald               (b. 1861 - d. 1948)
                             (acting for Roos-Keppel)
10 Sep 1919 -  8 Mar 1921  Sir Hamilton Grant                 (b. 1872 - d. 1937)
 8 Mar 1921 -    Jul 1923  Sir John Loader Maffey             (b. 1877 - d. 1969)
   Jul 1923 - 10 May 1930  Norman Bolton (from 1 Jan 1926,
                           Sir Norman Bolton)                 (b. 1875 - d. 1965)
                           (acting to Dec 1924)
 3 Dec 1925 -    Aug 1926    William John Keen                (b. 1873 - d. 1958)
                             (acting for Bolton)
10 May 1930 -  9 Sep 1931  Steuart Edmund Pears (from 1 Jan
                           1931, Sir Steuart Edmund Pears)    (b. 1875 - d. 1931)
10 Sep 1931 - 18 Apr 1932  Ralph Edwin Hotchkin Griffith
                           (from 1 Jan 1932, Sir Ralph Edwin
                           Hotchkin Griffith)                 (b. 1882 - d. 1963)
Governors
18 Apr 1932 -  2 Mar 1937  Sir Ralph Edwin Hotchkin Griffith  (s.a.)
 2 Mar 1937 -  3 Mar 1946  Sir George Cunningham (1st time)   (b. 1888 - d. 1964)
11 Aug 1939 - 10 Dec 1939    Sir Arthur Edward Broadbent
                             Parsons (acting for Cunningham)  (b. 1884 - d. 1966)
 3 Mar 1946 - 14 Aug 1947  Sir Olaf Caroe                     (b. 1892 - d. 1981)
26 Jun 1947 - 13 Aug 1947    Sir Rob Lockhart                 (b. 1893 - d. 1981)
                             (acting for Caroe)
13 Aug 1947 - 14 Aug 1947    Sir George Cunningham (2nd time) (s.a.)
                             (acting for Caroe)

Premiers 1 Apr 1937 - 7 Sep 1937 Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan (b. 1863 - d. 1937) 7 Sep 1937 - 10 Nov 1939 Khan Sahib (1st time) (b. 1882 - d. 1958) 25 May 1943 - 16 Mar 1945 Sardar Aurangzeb Khan 16 Mar 1945 - 22 Aug 1947 Khan Sahib (2nd time) (s.a.)

Panth Piploda

       1935                chief commissioner's province
15 Aug 1947                part of independent India

Chief commissioners
       1935 -        1940  Kenneth Samuel Fitze               (b. 1887 - d. 1960)
       1940 -        1942  Gerald Fisher                      (b. 1887 - d. 1965)
       1942 -        1946  Walter Fendall Campbell (from
                           13 Jun 1946, Sir Walter Fendall
                           Campbell)                          (b. 1894 - d. 1973)
       1946 -        1947  Henry Mortimer Poulton             (b. 1898 - d. 1973)

Punjab

 2 Apr 1849                annexed by Britain
15 Aug 1947                divided between India (see Punjab under Indian states) and
                           Pakistan (see Punjab under Pakistani provinces)

Chief commissioners
 1 Apr 1849 -        1853  Board of Administration
       1853 -  1 Jan 1859  John Laird Mair Lawrence (from
                           5 Feb 1856, Sir John Laird Mair
                           Lawrence)                          (b. 1811 - d. 1879)
Lieutenant governors
 1 Jan 1859 - 25 Feb 1859  Sir John Laird Mair Lawrence       (s.a.)
25 Feb 1859 - 10 Jan 1865  Robert Montgomery (from 20 May
                           1859, Sir Robert Montgomery)       (b. 1809 - d. 1887)
10 Jan 1865 -  1 Jun 1870  Donald Friell McLeod (from 24 May
                           1866, Sir Donald Friell McLeod)    (b. 1810 - d. 1872)
 1 Jun 1870 -  1 Jan 1871  Sir Henry Durand                   (b. 1812 - d. 1871)
20 Jan 1871 -  2 Apr 1877  Robert Henry Davies (from 30 May
                           1874, Sir Robert Henry Davies)     (b. 1824 - d. 1902)
 2 Apr 1877 -  3 Apr 1882  Robert Eyles Egerton (from 29 Jul
                           1879, Sir Robert Eyles Egerton)    (b. 1857 - d. 1912)
 3 Apr 1882 -  2 Apr 1887  Sir Charles Umpherston Aitchison   (b. 1832 - d. 1896)
 2 Apr 1887 -  5 Mar 1892  James Broadwood Lyall (from 24 May
                           1888, Sir James Broadwood Lyall)   (b. 1845 - d. 1920)
 5 Mar 1892 -  6 Mar 1897  Sir Dennis Fitzpatrick             (b. 1827 - d. 1920)
 6 Mar 1897 -  6 Mar 1902  Sir William Mackworth Young        (b. 1840 - d. 1924)
 6 Mar 1902 -  6 Mar 1907  Sir Charles Montgomery Rivaz       (b. 1845 - d. 1926)
 6 Mar 1907 - 22 Jan 1908  Sir Denzil Charles Jelf Ibbetson   (b. 1847 - d. 1908)
22 May 1907 - 12 Aug 1907    Thomas Gordon Walker (1st time)  (b. 1849 - d. 1917)
                             (acting for Ibbetson)
22 Jan 1908 - 25 May 1908  Sir Thomas Gordon Walker
                           (2nd time) (acting)                (s.a.)
25 May 1908 - 26 May 1913  Sir Louis William Dane             (b. 1856 - d. 1948)
28 Apr 1911 -  4 Aug 1911    James McCrone Douie              (b. 1854 - d. 1935)
                             (acting for Dane)
26 May 1913 - 26 May 1919  Sir Michael O'Dwyer                (b. 1864 - d. 1940)
26 May 1919 -  3 Jan 1921  Sir Edward Douglas Maclagan        (b. 1864 - d. 1952)
Governors
 3 Jan 1921 - 31 May 1924  Sir Edward Douglas Maclagan        (s.a.)
31 May 1924 -  9 Aug 1928  Sir Malcolm Hailey                 (b. 1872 - d. 1969)
 9 Aug 1928 - 12 Apr 1933  Sir Geoffrey Fitzhervey de
                           Montmorency                        (b. 1876 - d. 1955)
19 Jul 1932 - 19 Oct 1932    Sikander Hyat Khan (1st time)    (b. 1892 - d. 1942)
                             (acting for Montmorency)
12 Apr 1933 -  4 Apr 1938  Sir Herbert Emerson                (b. 1881 - d. 1962)
15 Feb 1934 -  9 Jun 1934    Sir Sikander Hyat Khan
                             (2nd time) (acting for Emerson)  (s.a.)
 4 Apr 1938 -  7 Apr 1941  Sir Henry Duffield Craik           (b. 1876 - d. 1955)
 7 Apr 1941 -  8 Apr 1946  Sir Bertrand James Glancy          (b. 1882 - d. 1953)
 8 Apr 1946 - 14 Aug 1947  Sir Evan Meredith Jenkins          (b. 1896 - d. 1985)

Premiers 1 Apr 1937 - 26 Dec 1942 Sir Sikander Hyat Khan (s.a.) Dec 1942 - Feb 1945 Khizar Hayat Khan Tiwana (1st time) (b. 1900 - d. 1975) Apr 1946 - 4 Mar 1947 Sir Khizar Hayat Khan Tiwana (2nd time) (s.a.)

Sind

       1843                annexed by Britain; subordinated to Bombay
   Apr 1936                separate province
15 Aug 1947                part of Pakistan

Commissioners
       1843 -        1847  Sir Charles James Napier           (b. 1782 - d. 1853)
       1847 -        1851  Robert Keith Pringle               (b. 1802 - d. 1897)
       1851 -    Oct 1859  Bartle Edward Frere (from 20 May
                           1859, Sir Bartle Edward Frere)     (b. 1815 - d. 1884)
   Oct 1859 -        1862  Jonathan Duncan Inverarity         (b. 1812 - d. 1882)
       1862 -        1867  Samuel Mansfield                   (b. 1815 - d. 1893)
       1867 -        1868  William Henry Havelock             (b. 1826 - d. 1876)
       1868 -        1876  William Lockyer Merewether (from
                           24 Aug 1868, Sir William Lockyer
                           Merewether)                        (b. 1825 - d. 1880)
12 Sep 1877 -  6 Jun 1879  Francis Dawes Melvill              (b. 1836 - d. 1881)
 7 Jun 1879 - 13 Apr 1887  Henry Napier Bruce Erskine         (b. 1831 - d. 1893)
14 Apr 1887 - 17 May 1889  Charles Bradley Pritchard          (b. 1837 - d. 1903)
17 May 1889 - 22 May 1891  Arthur Charles Trevor              (b. 1841 - d. 1920)
20 Jun 1891 - 18 Dec 1900  Henry Evan Murchison James         (b. 1846 - d. 1923)
18 Dec 1900 -  1 Apr 1902  Robert Giles                       (b. 1846 - d. 1928)
 1 Apr 1902 - 14 Dec 1903  Alexander Cumine                   (b. 1851 - d. 1909)
14 Dec 1903 -  3 Mar 1904  Charles Mules (acting)             (b. 1856 - d. 1939)
 3 Mar 1904 - 31 Mar 1905  John William Pitt Muir-Mackenzie   (b. 1854 - d. 1916)
31 Mar 1905 -    Nov 1905  William Thomson Morison (acting)   (b. 1860 - d. 1931)
   Nov 1905 -        1912  Arthur Delaval Younghusband        (b. 1854 - d. 1931)
       1912 -        1916  William Henry Lucas                (b. 1867 - d. 1937)
       1916 -        1920  Henry Staveley Lawrence            (b. 1870 - d. 1949)
       1920 -        1925  Louis Rieu                         (b. 1872 - d. 1964)
       1925 -        1926  Patrick Robert Cadell              (b. 1871 - d. 1961)
       1926 -        1929  Frank Hudson                       (b. 1875 - d. 1958)
       1929 -        1931  George Arthur Thomas               (b. 1877 - d. 1950)
       1931 -        1935  Raymond Evelyn Gibson              (b. 1878 - d. 1969)
       1935 -        1936  Godfrey Ferdinando Stratford
                           Collins (acting)                   (b. 1888 - d. 1952)
Governors
 1 Apr 1936 -  1 Apr 1941  Sir Lancelot Graham                (b. 1880 - d. 1958)
 1 Apr 1941 - 15 Jan 1946  Sir Hugh Dow                       (b. 1886 - d. 1978)
15 Jan 1946 - 14 Aug 1947  Sir Francis Mudie                  (b. 1890 - d. 1976)

Premiers 28 Apr 1937 - 23 Mar 1938 Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah Khan Bahadur Shaykh (1st time) (b. 1879 - d. 1948) 23 Mar 1938 - 18 Mar 1940 Khan Bahadur Allah Bakhsh (1st time) (b. 1900 - d. 1943) 18 Mar 1940 - 7 Mar 1941 Mir Bandeh Ali Khan Talpur 7 Mar 1941 - 14 Feb 1942 Khan Bahadur Allah Bakhsh (2nd time) (s.a.) 14 Oct 1942 - 14 Aug 1947 Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah Khan Bahadur Shaykh (2nd time) (s.a.)

United Provinces

14 Nov 1834                Presidency of Agra
 1 Jan 1836                North-Western Provinces
 3 Apr 1858                Oudh taken under British control
15 Feb 1877                Oudh added to North-Western Provinces
22 Mar 1902                United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
 1 Apr 1937                United Provinces
15 Aug 1947                part of independent India

Governors
14 Nov 1834 - 20 Mar 1835  Sir Charles Theophilus Metcalfe    (b. 1785 - d. 1846)
20 Mar 1835 -  1 Dec 1835  William Blunt
 1 Dec 1835 -  1 Jun 1836  Alexander Ross                     (b. 1777 - d. 18...)
Lieutenant governors
 1 Jun 1836 -  1 Jun 1838  Sir Charles Theophilus Metcalfe    (s.a.)
 1 Jun 1838 -    Feb 1840  administered by gov.-gen. of India
   Feb 1840 -    Dec 1842  Thomas Campbell Robertson          (b. 1789 - d. 1863)
       1843 - 27 Sep 1853  James Thomason                     (b. 1804 - d. 1853)
       1853 -  9 Sep 1857  John Russell Colvin                (b. 1807 - d. 1857)
       1857 - 19 Jan 1859  administered by gov.-gen. of India
19 Jan 1859 - 27 Feb 1863  George Frederick Edmonstone        (b. 1813 - d. 1864)
27 Feb 1863 -  7 Mar 1863  Rowland Money (acting)             (b. 1812 - d. 1869)
 7 Mar 1863 - 10 Mar 1868  Edmund Drummond                    (b. 1814 - d. 1895)
10 Mar 1868 -  7 Apr 1874  Sir William Muir                   (b. 1819 - d. 1905)
 7 Apr 1874 - 26 Jul 1876  Sir John Strachey                  (b. 1823 - d. 1907)
26 Jul 1876 - 15 Feb 1877  Sir George Ebenezer Wilson Couper  (b. 1824 - d. 1908)
Lieutenant governors of the North-Western Provinces and chief commissioners of Oudh
15 Feb 1877 - 17 Apr 1882  Sir George Ebenezer Wilson Couper  (s.a.)
17 Apr 1882 - 21 Nov 1887  Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall             (b. 1835 - d. 1911)
21 Nov 1887 - 28 Nov 1892  Sir Auckland Colvin                (b. 1838 - d. 1908)
28 Nov 1892 -  9 Jan 1895  Sir Charles Haukes Todd
                           Crosthwaite                        (b. 1835 - d. 1915)
 9 Jan 1895 -  6 Nov 1895  Alan Cadell (acting)               (b. 1841 - d. 1921)
 6 Nov 1895 - 14 Nov 1901  Sir Antony Patrick MacDonnell      (b. 1844 - d. 1935)
14 Nov 1901 - 22 Mar 1902  Sir James John Digges La Touche    (b. 1844 - d. 1921)
Lieutenant governors
22 Mar 1902 -  1 Jan 1907  Sir James John Digges La Touche    (s.a.)
 1 Jan 1907 - 15 Sep 1912  Sir John Hewett                    (b. 1854 - d. 1941)
30 Apr 1910 - 20 Oct 1910    Leslie Porter (1st time)         (b. 1854 - d. 1932)
                             (acting for Hewett)
 1 Apr 1911 - 16 Dec 1911    Leslie Porter (from 12 Dec 1911,
                             Sir Leslie Porter) (2nd time)    (s.a.)
                             (acting for Hewett)
15 Sep 1912 -  7 Feb 1917  Sir James Scorgie Meston           (b. 1865 - d. 1943)
18 Sep 1913 - 15 Nov 1913    Duncan Baillie                   (b. 1856 - d. 1919)
                             (acting for Meston)
 7 Feb 1917 - 15 Feb 1918  John Mitchell Holms (acting)       (b. 1863 - d. 1948)
15 Feb 1918 -  3 Jan 1921  Sir Harcourt Butler                (b. 1869 - d. 1938)
Governors
 3 Jan 1921 - 21 Dec 1922  Sir Harcourt Butler                (s.a.)
21 Dec 1922 - 24 Dec 1922  Sir Ludovic Porter (acting)        (b. 1869 - d. 1928)
24 Dec 1922 - 14 Jan 1928  Sir William Sinclair Marris        (b. 1873 - d. 1945)
13 Aug 1926 -  1 Dec 1926    Sir Samuel Perry O'Donnell       (b. 1874 - d. 1946)
                             (acting for Marris)
14 Jan 1928 - 17 Jun 1928  Sir Alexander Phillips Muddiman    (b. 1875 - d. 1928)
17 Jun 1928 -  8 Aug 1928  Sir Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan,
                           Nawwab of Chhatari (1st time)      (b. 1888 - d. 1982)
                           (acting)
 9 Aug 1928 - 16 Oct 1930  Sir Malcolm Hailey (1st time)      (b. 1872 - d. 1969)
16 Oct 1930 - 19 Apr 1931  Sir George Bancroft Lambert        (b. 1873 - d. 1945)
19 Apr 1931 -  6 Apr 1933  Sir Malcolm Hailey (2nd time)      (s.a.)
 8 Apr 1933 - 27 Nov 1933  Sir Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan,
                           Nawwab of Chhatari (2nd time)      (s.a.)
27 Nov 1933 -  6 Dec 1934  Sir Malcolm Hailey (3rd time)      (s.a.)
 6 Dec 1934 -  7 Dec 1939  Sir Harry Graham Haig              (b. 1881 - d. 1956)
 7 Dec 1939 -  7 Dec 1945  Sir Maurice Garnier Hallett        (b. 1883 - d. 1969)
 7 Dec 1945 - 14 Aug 1947  Sir Francis Verner Wylie           (b. 1891 - d. 1970)

Chief minister 1 Apr 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Govind Ballabh Pant (b. 1887 - d. 1961)

Oudh

Chief commissioners
 7 Feb 1856 - 21 Mar 1857  Sir James Outram (1st time)        (b. 1803 - d. 1863)
21 Mar 1857 -  4 Jul 1857  Sir Henry Lawrence                 (b. 1806 - d. 1857)
 5 Jul 1857 - 21 Jul 1857  John Sherbrooke Banks              (b. 1811 - d. 1857)
11 Sep 1857 -  3 Apr 1858  Sir James Outram (2nd time)        (s.a.)
 3 Apr 1858 - 15 Feb 1859  Robert Montgomery                  (b. 1809 - d. 1887)
15 Feb 1859 - 26 Aug 1865  Charles John Wingfield             (b. 1820 - d. 1892)
26 Aug 1865 - 17 Mar 1866  Robert Henry Davies (1st time)     (b. 1824 - d. 1902)
                           (acting)
17 Mar 1866 - 24 May 1867  John Strachey                      (b. 1823 - d. 1907)
24 May 1867 - 18 Jan 1871  Robert Henry Davies (2nd time)     (s.a.)
                           (acting to 9 Mar 1868)
18 Jan 1871 - 20 Apr 1871  Lousada Barrow                     (b. 1816 - d. 1877)
20 Apr 1871 - 26 Jul 1876  Sir George Ebenezer Wilson Couper  (b. 1824 - d. 1908)
                           (acting to 8 Dec 1873)
26 Jul 1876 - 15 Feb 1877  John Forbes David Inglis (acting)  (b. 1820 - d. 1894)